长江中游荆州段渡船风险评价研究

发布时间：2018-09-19 08:46

【摘要】：渡船,包括客渡船和汽渡船,是连通沿江人民的纽带。渡船一方面为长江两岸的人民群众提供出行便利,促进着地方经济的发展;另一方面,由于受外部环境、船上设备和船员素质等方面的影响,渡船的营运安全保障还存在一定的问题。尤其是伴随着经济社会的快速发展,人民群众出行交流越来越频繁,客运量逐年递增,渡船的安全隐患逐年递增,这些潜在的危险给渡运安全监管带来了较大的挑战,渡船安全状况令人担忧。面对这些现状,如何控制和降低渡船安全事故的发生概率,对人们群众安全出行、海事安全监管都有十分重要的意义。然而这一工作的前提是对渡船安全进行风险评价,只有了解其风险状况,才能对症下药。笔者结合长江干线荆州段实际,从“人-机-环境-管理”四个方面对荆州段渡船风险进行分析识别,通过调查问卷、访谈座谈方式,得出了船员、船舶、通航环境3个一级指标因素,职业道德、身心健康、应急能力等13个二级指标因素,建立了渡船风险指标体系。运用模糊综合评价的方法建立了渡船风险评价模型,通过对权重值进行计算比较得出渡船各指标因素的危险状况,即影响渡船安全的重要因素。在第一层指标中,船员因素的权重值居首位。在第二层指标中,主动力设备、专业素质、渡运线的设置、应急能力、消防救生设备所占的比重相对较大。运用渡船模型对荆州石首祥运9进行评估应用,得知其安全状况介于“风险较高”与“风险很高”之间。并通过事故险情分析的方法对该结果进行了再次验证。最后针对渡船风险等级状况和重要影响因子,提出了改善荆州辖区渡船安全状况的具体措施和建议。一是提升渡船建造标准,建高标准渡船；二是多措并举,提高渡船船员专业素质；三是合理优化渡运线,降低环境风险；四是因地制宜培训教育,提升渡船船员应急处置能力；五是加强设备的定期维护保养、定期检查；六是培养良好的职业道德素养,提高安全意识和责任心。希望通过采取有效对策,不断控制、消除明显和潜在的风险源,使渡船渡运处于良性循环状态,逐步掌握安全航行的主动权,从根本上改善渡运秩序,同时也为海事及政府相关部门提供一些建议和意见。
[Abstract]:Ferries, including passenger ferries and steamships, are the links connecting the people along the Yangtze River. On the one hand, the ferry provides convenience for the people on both sides of the Yangtze River and promotes the development of local economy; on the other hand, due to the external environment, the quality of equipment and crew on board, there are still some problems in the operation safety of the ferry. With the rapid development of economy and society, people travel more and more frequently, passenger traffic increases year by year, and the potential safety hazards of ferry increase year by year. These potential hazards have brought great challenges to the safety supervision of ferry, and the safety situation of ferry is worrying.
Facing these situations, how to control and reduce the occurrence probability of ferry safety accidents is of great significance to people's safe travel and maritime safety supervision. This paper analyzes and identifies the risks of the ferry in Jingzhou section from four aspects of "man-machine-environment-management". Through questionnaire and interview, it obtains three first-class indicators of crew, ship and navigation environment, occupational ethics, physical and mental health, emergency capability and other 13 second-class indicators, and establishes the risk index system of the ferry. The evaluation method establishes the risk assessment model of the ferry, and through the calculation and comparison of the weights, the dangerous conditions of the various indicators of the ferry, that is, the important factors affecting the safety of the ferry are obtained. The application of the ferry model to the evaluation of Shishou Xiangyun 9 in Jingzhou shows that its safety condition is between "high risk" and "high risk". The result is verified again by the method of accident risk analysis. To influence factors, specific measures and suggestions are put forward to improve the safety of the ferry in Jingzhou jurisdiction. Firstly, the standard of ferry construction should be upgraded and a high standard ferry should be built. Secondly, various measures should be taken to improve the professional quality of the ferry crew. Thirdly, the ferry routes should be rationally optimized to reduce environmental risks. Fourthly, training and education should be tailored to local conditions to enhance the emergency department of the ferry crew. Fifth, strengthen the regular maintenance of equipment, regular inspection; sixth, cultivate good professional ethics, improve safety awareness and responsibility. Hope to take effective measures, constantly control, eliminate obvious and potential sources of risk, so that the ferry in a virtuous cycle, gradually grasp the initiative of safe navigation, from the root. This will improve the transit order and provide some advice and advice for maritime and government related departments.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：U698

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