基于行人运动行为仿真的重庆轻轨地下车站应急疏散措施研究

发布时间：2018-10-07 20:17

【摘要】：目前,城市轨道交通是人们日常出行最重要的交通工具之一,虽然它给人们带来了便捷,但由于其车站结构复杂、空间密闭,一旦发生火灾、爆炸、恐怖袭击等突发事件,极有可能因车站应急疏散能力不足导致人员无法完成安全疏散,所以有必要对轨道交通车站的应急疏散能力进行评估,识别疏散“瓶颈”,提出突发情况下提高人群疏散效率的措施,避免安全事故的发生。由于重庆轻轨的独特性、示范性和可推广性,以及地下车站的复杂性,故本文将以重庆轻轨地下车站为研究对象,采用计算机仿真的方法对其应急疏散问题进行研究,并提出相应的措施来提高人群疏散效率。首先,本文对城市轨道交通突发事件的定义、特点及类型进行了概述,分析了突发情况下影响行人疏散行为的因素,从群体和个体层面描述了行人的疏散行为特征,为后面疏散仿真模型的建立提供了理论依据。其次,简述了重庆轨道交通现状,对已有的轻轨地下车站进行了总结分类,根据客流调研数据,分析了重庆轻轨地下车站客流特性,通过对重庆轻轨地下车站应急疏散现状进行分析,发现了其在疏散人员、疏散设施以及疏散管理三方面存在的问题,进一步说明了本文对重庆轻轨地下车站应急疏散问题进行研究的必要性。再次,基于元胞自动机模型的微观离散建模技术,建立了本文的行人疏散仿真模型,该模型以单元格转移概率来规定个体运动规则,不但引入了理性系数、熟悉系数及引导系数,还解决了多人争夺同一单元格的冲突问题。之后在Visual Studio环境下使用C#语言建立了仿真系统,对重庆轻轨3号线南坪站进行了突发情况下行人疏散仿真模拟,得到的结论是:南坪站应急疏散能力能够满足规范要求,但仍然存在疏散“瓶颈”。最后,对模型参数进行了敏感性分析,发现各系数与疏散时间成反比,其中,引导系数对疏散时间的影响最明显,根据敏感性分析结论,以增加疏散人员的理性程度、对车站环境的熟悉程度以及应急疏散引导程度为出发点,提出了相应的提高重庆轻轨地下车站应急疏散效率的措施,可以为重庆轻轨地下车站应急疏散设施的设计及应急疏散管理的完善提供参考。
[Abstract]:At present, urban rail transit is one of the most important vehicles for people to travel daily. Although it brings convenience to people, but because of its complex structure and airtight space, once fire, explosion, terrorist attack and other emergencies occur, It is very likely that the emergency evacuation capacity of the railway station will not be able to complete the safe evacuation, so it is necessary to evaluate the emergency evacuation ability of the rail transit station and identify the "bottleneck" of the evacuation. The measures to improve the efficiency of evacuation are put forward to avoid the occurrence of safety accidents. Because of the uniqueness, demonstration and extensibility of Chongqing light rail, and the complexity of underground station, this paper will take Chongqing Light Rail Underground Station as the research object, and use computer simulation method to study the emergency evacuation problem of Chongqing Light Rail Underground Station. And put forward the corresponding measures to improve the efficiency of crowd evacuation. First of all, this paper summarizes the definition, characteristics and types of urban rail transit emergencies, analyzes the factors that affect pedestrian evacuation behavior, describes the pedestrian evacuation behavior characteristics from the group and individual level. It provides a theoretical basis for the establishment of the evacuation simulation model. Secondly, the present situation of Chongqing rail transit is briefly introduced, the existing light rail underground stations are summarized and classified, and the passenger flow characteristics of Chongqing light rail underground stations are analyzed according to the passenger flow investigation data. By analyzing the emergency evacuation situation of Chongqing Light Rail Underground Station, the problems in evacuation personnel, evacuation facilities and evacuation management are found. The necessity of the study on emergency evacuation of Chongqing Light Rail Underground Station is further explained in this paper. Thirdly, based on the micro discrete modeling technology of cellular automata model, the pedestrian evacuation simulation model is established in this paper. The model defines individual motion rules by cell transfer probability, and not only introduces rational coefficient, The familiarity coefficient and the guide coefficient also solve the conflict problem in which many people compete for the same cell. Then the simulation system is established by using C # language in Visual Studio environment, and the pedestrian evacuation simulation of Nanping Station on Chongqing Light Rail Line 3 is carried out. The conclusion is that the emergency evacuation ability of Nanping Station can meet the requirements of specifications. But there is still an evacuation bottleneck. Finally, sensitivity analysis of the model parameters shows that the coefficients are inversely proportional to the evacuation time, among which, the guidance coefficient has the most obvious effect on the evacuation time. According to the sensitivity analysis conclusion, the rational degree of evacuees can be increased. Based on the familiar degree of station environment and emergency evacuation guidance degree, the corresponding measures to improve the emergency evacuation efficiency of Chongqing Light Rail Underground Station are put forward. It can provide reference for the design of emergency evacuation facilities and the improvement of emergency evacuation management in Chongqing Light Rail Underground Station.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U298

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