重庆市办公建筑室内外颗粒物浓度水平及暴露评价
发布时间：2018-10-09 13:41
【摘要】：大量流行病学研究表明大气颗粒物浓度水平与人群发病率和死亡率密切相关。然而，目前对办公建筑室内外颗粒物浓度水平及暴露评价研究较少，对其人体健康效应、制定办公建筑室内空气质量标准以及正确的控制策略仍需深入研究，从而有效地提高室内空气品质，减少人员健康风险，为人们创造优良的室内环境。 为此，本文首先对重庆市某办公建筑春、夏季室内外PM10和PM2.5浓度进行监测，分析室内外浓度水平、空调微环境对室内颗粒物浓度的影响；针对实验过程中难以监测室内污染源排放强度问题，建立一个室内颗粒物源排放强度的定量估算模型并对其进行检验；最后在实验监测的基础上，结合问卷调查，对重庆市办公建筑室内人员PM10和PM2.5进行暴露评价。得出了以下主要结论： 1）春季，办公室室内外PM2.5的日均浓度均值分别为129.8μg/m~3和157.0μg/m~3，室内外PM10的日均浓度均值分别为147.6μg/m~3和179.6g/m3，且室外颗粒物是室内颗粒物的主要来源。 2）夏季，室外PM10和PM2.5的日均浓度均值分别为137.8μg/m~3和125.0μg/m~3。受不同空调微环境的影响，非空调办公室内PM10和PM2.5的日均浓度最高，均值分别为108.3μg/m~3和96.7μg/m~3；集中式空调办公室次之，均值分别为96.5μg/m~3和89.1μg/m~3；分体式空调办公室最小，均值分别为83.0μg/m~3和75.9μg/m~3。 3）春季室外PM10和春、夏季室外PM2.5浓度均超过《环境空气质量标准》二级浓度限值，属于中度污染等级，而夏季室外PM10浓度超过了其一级浓度限值，属于轻度污染等级。室外PM10和PM2.5浓度均存在春季大于夏季的季节性差异。且春、夏季室外PM2.5和PM10浓度比值分别为0.874、0.907，表明室外颗粒物以PM2.5以下的细颗粒物为主。 4）建立室内颗粒物污染源排放强度的定量估算模型，并对实验监测的办公室进行了定量估算，PM10和PM2.5的室内排放强度分别为17.8μg/m~3和7.9μg/m~3，与实验分析结果比较，偏差分别为2.9%和6.8%。 5）对办公建筑室内人员进行综合颗粒物暴露评价，，发现：PM10和PM2.5综合暴露量和综合潜在剂量均是春季的比夏季的高；PM10和PM2.5综合潜在剂量数值上均大于对应的综合暴露量，其中春季时分别大28.2%和22.9%，夏季时分别大17.5%和14.9%；人体肺部越深的区域，PM2.5的肺部浓度和作用剂量越少。
[Abstract]:A large number of epidemiological studies have shown that the concentration of particulate matter in the atmosphere is closely related to the morbidity and mortality of the population. However, there are few studies on indoor and outdoor particulate matter concentration and exposure evaluation in office buildings. The effects of human health, the establishment of indoor air quality standards and the correct control strategies need to be further studied. Thus effectively improve indoor air quality, reduce the risk of human health, and create a good indoor environment for people. Therefore, the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 in an office building in Chongqing in spring and summer were monitored, and the effects of indoor and outdoor concentration level and air conditioning microenvironment on indoor particulate concentration were analyzed. Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to monitor the emission intensity of indoor pollution sources during the experiment, a quantitative estimation model of indoor particulate source emission intensity is established and tested. Finally, on the basis of experimental monitoring, combined with questionnaire survey, The exposure evaluation of PM10 and PM2.5 of office buildings in Chongqing was carried out. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) in spring, the average daily concentrations of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 were 129.8 渭 g/m~3 and 157.0 渭 g / mm3, respectively, and the average daily concentrations of indoor and outdoor PM10 were 147.6 渭 g/m~3 and 179.6 g / m3, respectively, and outdoor particulate matter was the main source of indoor particulate matter. 2) in summer, the average daily concentrations of outdoor PM10 and PM2.5 were 137.8 渭 g/m~3 and 125.0 渭 g / mg respectively. Under the influence of different air conditioning microenvironments, the daily average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in non-air conditioning offices were the highest, with the mean values of 108.3 渭 g/m~3 and 96.7 渭 g / mm3, respectively, followed by centralized air conditioning offices with a mean value of 96.5 渭 g/m~3 and 89.1 渭 g / mm3, respectively. The mean values were 83. 0 渭 g/m~3 and 75. 9 渭 g / m ~ (-1), respectively. 3) the outdoor PM10 concentration in spring and PM2.5 concentration in summer exceeded the second class concentration limit of ambient air quality standard, which belongs to the moderate pollution grade, but the outdoor PM10 concentration in summer exceeded its first grade concentration limit, which belongs to the light pollution grade. There were seasonal differences between spring and summer in PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations. The ratios of outdoor PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in spring and summer were 0.874 and 0.907, respectively, indicating that the main concentrations of outdoor particles were fine particles below PM2.5. 4) the quantitative estimation model of indoor particulate pollution source emission intensity was established, and the indoor emission intensity of PM10 and PM2.5 were estimated to be 17.8 渭 g/m~3 and 7.9 渭 g / mm3, respectively. The deviation was 2.9% and 6.8%, respectively, compared with the experimental results. 5) the comprehensive particulate matter exposure of indoor personnel in office buildings was evaluated. It was found that the combined exposure amount and the combined potential dose of 10% PM10 and PM2.5 were both higher in spring than in summer and higher than those in summer. The lung concentration and dose of PM2.5 in the deeper area of the human lung are lower than those in the spring and summer, respectively, and 17.5% and 14.9% respectively in spring and summer, respectively.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU834
[Abstract]:A large number of epidemiological studies have shown that the concentration of particulate matter in the atmosphere is closely related to the morbidity and mortality of the population. However, there are few studies on indoor and outdoor particulate matter concentration and exposure evaluation in office buildings. The effects of human health, the establishment of indoor air quality standards and the correct control strategies need to be further studied. Thus effectively improve indoor air quality, reduce the risk of human health, and create a good indoor environment for people. Therefore, the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 in an office building in Chongqing in spring and summer were monitored, and the effects of indoor and outdoor concentration level and air conditioning microenvironment on indoor particulate concentration were analyzed. Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to monitor the emission intensity of indoor pollution sources during the experiment, a quantitative estimation model of indoor particulate source emission intensity is established and tested. Finally, on the basis of experimental monitoring, combined with questionnaire survey, The exposure evaluation of PM10 and PM2.5 of office buildings in Chongqing was carried out. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) in spring, the average daily concentrations of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 were 129.8 渭 g/m~3 and 157.0 渭 g / mm3, respectively, and the average daily concentrations of indoor and outdoor PM10 were 147.6 渭 g/m~3 and 179.6 g / m3, respectively, and outdoor particulate matter was the main source of indoor particulate matter. 2) in summer, the average daily concentrations of outdoor PM10 and PM2.5 were 137.8 渭 g/m~3 and 125.0 渭 g / mg respectively. Under the influence of different air conditioning microenvironments, the daily average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in non-air conditioning offices were the highest, with the mean values of 108.3 渭 g/m~3 and 96.7 渭 g / mm3, respectively, followed by centralized air conditioning offices with a mean value of 96.5 渭 g/m~3 and 89.1 渭 g / mm3, respectively. The mean values were 83. 0 渭 g/m~3 and 75. 9 渭 g / m ~ (-1), respectively. 3) the outdoor PM10 concentration in spring and PM2.5 concentration in summer exceeded the second class concentration limit of ambient air quality standard, which belongs to the moderate pollution grade, but the outdoor PM10 concentration in summer exceeded its first grade concentration limit, which belongs to the light pollution grade. There were seasonal differences between spring and summer in PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations. The ratios of outdoor PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in spring and summer were 0.874 and 0.907, respectively, indicating that the main concentrations of outdoor particles were fine particles below PM2.5. 4) the quantitative estimation model of indoor particulate pollution source emission intensity was established, and the indoor emission intensity of PM10 and PM2.5 were estimated to be 17.8 渭 g/m~3 and 7.9 渭 g / mm3, respectively. The deviation was 2.9% and 6.8%, respectively, compared with the experimental results. 5) the comprehensive particulate matter exposure of indoor personnel in office buildings was evaluated. It was found that the combined exposure amount and the combined potential dose of 10% PM10 and PM2.5 were both higher in spring than in summer and higher than those in summer. The lung concentration and dose of PM2.5 in the deeper area of the human lung are lower than those in the spring and summer, respectively, and 17.5% and 14.9% respectively in spring and summer, respectively.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU834
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