基于FPGA的EFPI光纤瓦斯传感系统的研究
发布时间：2018-10-09 16:13
【摘要】：近年来,我国煤矿因安全监测技术不足,导致煤炭生产事故频繁发生,其中瓦斯事故占据较大比重。我国煤矿安全监测使用较多的是由传统的黑白催化元件和热导元件构成的瓦斯传感器。由于黑白催化元件频繁定标,热导元件误差大以及这两种混合元件对瓦斯的突出响应不够迅速等不足之处,使得该检测技术无法精确测量瓦斯浓度。针对我国现有煤矿瓦斯监测技术的弊端,本文设计了一种基于FPGA的EFPI光纤瓦斯传感系统。该系统采用新型光纤传感器能够快速、精确测量瓦斯浓度信号,并且通过FPGA来完成信号的快速运算与处理,能够在很大程度上满足煤矿安全监测的需求。 本文首先介绍了光纤、光纤传感器和光纤传感的基本原理；然后对系统的总体结构及组成部分作了详细介绍；接下来分别详述了系统的软硬件设计方法,系统的硬件部分由FPGA负责信号采集和A／D转换,利用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)算法对采集信号进行优化处理和存储,由CAN总线将系统数据上传给地面上位机。系统软件部分分别通过Quartus Ⅱ和Nios Ⅱ两个开发平台建立和配置系统软硬件工程,创建Nios Ⅱ软核、锁相环PLL,通过编程调试实现FPGA的在线硬件仿真。 最后对上位机软件参数进行设置,将CAN总线上传的数据在线进行显示和处理,通过分析瓦斯浓度曲线的具体变化,实现瓦斯浓度的在线监测与报警处理。
[Abstract]:In recent years, coal mine accidents occur frequently in our country because of the shortage of safety monitoring technology, among which gas accidents occupy a large proportion. Coal mine safety monitoring in China is made up of traditional black and white catalytic elements and thermal conductivity elements. Due to the shortcomings of frequent calibration of black-and-white catalytic elements, large error of thermal conductivity elements and insufficient response of these two hybrid elements to gas outburst, the detection technique is unable to accurately measure gas concentration. In view of the disadvantages of the existing coal mine gas monitoring technology in China, a EFPI fiber optic gas sensing system based on FPGA is designed in this paper. The new fiber optic sensor can measure the gas concentration signal quickly and accurately, and complete the fast calculation and processing of the signal by FPGA, which can meet the requirement of coal mine safety monitoring to a great extent. In this paper, the basic principles of optical fiber, optical fiber sensor and optical fiber sensor are introduced, then the overall structure and components of the system are introduced in detail. Then, the software and hardware design methods of the system are described in detail. In the hardware part of the system, FPGA is in charge of signal acquisition and A / D conversion. The acquisition signal is optimized and stored by using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) (FFT) algorithm, and the system data is uploaded to the upper computer by the CAN bus. The software part of the system establishes and configures the software and hardware engineering of the system through two development platforms, Quartus 鈪，
本文编号：2259958
[Abstract]:In recent years, coal mine accidents occur frequently in our country because of the shortage of safety monitoring technology, among which gas accidents occupy a large proportion. Coal mine safety monitoring in China is made up of traditional black and white catalytic elements and thermal conductivity elements. Due to the shortcomings of frequent calibration of black-and-white catalytic elements, large error of thermal conductivity elements and insufficient response of these two hybrid elements to gas outburst, the detection technique is unable to accurately measure gas concentration. In view of the disadvantages of the existing coal mine gas monitoring technology in China, a EFPI fiber optic gas sensing system based on FPGA is designed in this paper. The new fiber optic sensor can measure the gas concentration signal quickly and accurately, and complete the fast calculation and processing of the signal by FPGA, which can meet the requirement of coal mine safety monitoring to a great extent. In this paper, the basic principles of optical fiber, optical fiber sensor and optical fiber sensor are introduced, then the overall structure and components of the system are introduced in detail. Then, the software and hardware design methods of the system are described in detail. In the hardware part of the system, FPGA is in charge of signal acquisition and A / D conversion. The acquisition signal is optimized and stored by using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) (FFT) algorithm, and the system data is uploaded to the upper computer by the CAN bus. The software part of the system establishes and configures the software and hardware engineering of the system through two development platforms, Quartus 鈪，
本文编号：2259958
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