地下采场爆破后炮烟扩散规律研究

发布时间：2018-10-10 13:09

【摘要】：地下采场爆破后会产生大量的炮烟,炮烟中含有大量有毒有害气体,如不及时排出,会引起炮烟中毒事故。因此爆破后必须对采场进行通风,致采场炮烟全部被新鲜风流替换,有毒有害气体含量降到允许值后,才能进行后续工作,工作人员才可进入采场。传统矿山通风设计一般根据采场空间大小或爆破药量大小,根据经验来选择所需风量和风速,存在很大的不科学性,加之通风管理不善,造成通风时间过长或风量损失,有时也会由于通风不良造成中毒事故。研究采场爆破后炮烟扩散规律,探讨爆破量、炮烟浓度与通风时间、所需风量的关系,能为合理地计算采场所需风量提供依据。以阶段矿房法为研究对象,运用Fluent流体力学软件建立不同阶段同时爆破炮烟扩散规律,分析风速对炮烟扩散的影响;以石人沟铁矿三期-105m采场爆破通风为对象运用智能型一氧化碳探测器进行现场实测,分析实际采场的炮烟扩散情况。根据模拟和实验结果建立通风扩散数学模型,与传统风量计算方法进行比较研究,从而确定采场风量合理的计算方法。通过数值模拟得出的主要结论为:回风巷中炮烟浓度随通风呈负指数的衰减规律。风速对速度场的分布规律几乎无影响,对炮烟分布规律有影响。通过对石人沟铁矿采场放炮后炮烟扩散进行监测得出:采场爆破后炮烟浓度随通风呈负指数的衰减规律。一个阶段爆破的阶段矿房法的风量计算按照巷道型回采工作面的风量计算吻合度最高;多个阶段同时爆破的阶段矿房法的风量计算按照硐室型回采工作面的风量计算且Kt取1或者按照大爆破计算且i取0.124吻合度最高。
[Abstract]:A lot of smoke will be produced after underground stope blasting. If the smoke is not discharged in time, it will cause smoke poisoning. Therefore, after blasting, the stope must be ventilated, the smoke of the stope must be replaced by the fresh air flow, and the content of toxic and harmful gases should be reduced to the permitted value before the follow-up work can be carried out and the workers can enter the stope. The traditional mine ventilation design is generally based on the size of stope space or blasting charge, according to experience to select the required air volume and wind speed, there is a lot of unscientific, combined with poor ventilation management, resulting in excessive ventilation time or loss of air volume. Sometimes toxic accidents are caused by poor ventilation. The relationship among blasting amount, smoke concentration and ventilation time, and the required air volume can provide a basis for reasonably calculating the required air volume of the mining site by studying the law of smoke diffusion after stope blasting. Taking the method of stage mine chamber as the research object, using Fluent fluid dynamics software to establish the law of simultaneous blasting smoke diffusion in different stages, and to analyze the influence of wind speed on the smoke diffusion. In this paper, the explosion ventilation in the third-stage -105m stope of Shirengou Iron Mine is used as the object of field measurement with intelligent carbon monoxide detector, and the smoke diffusion in the actual stope is analyzed. Based on the simulation and experimental results, a mathematical model of ventilation diffusion is established and compared with the traditional air volume calculation method to determine the reasonable calculation method of stope air volume. The main conclusions obtained by numerical simulation are as follows: the attenuation law of smoke concentration in return air roadway is negative exponentially with ventilation. Wind speed has little effect on the distribution of velocity field, but has influence on the distribution of gunfire smoke. Based on the monitoring of smoke diffusion in the stope of Shirengou Iron Mine, it is concluded that the smoke concentration decreases exponentially with ventilation after stope blasting. The calculation of the air volume of the one-stage blasting method is the highest in accordance with the calculation of the air volume of the roadway type mining face. The calculation of air volume of multi-stage simultaneous blasting is based on the calculation of air volume of cavern mining face and Kt is 1 or according to large blasting and I is 0.124 with the highest coincidence degree.
【学位授予单位】：华北理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD235.1;TD72

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