石化企业气体探测器设置确定性研究

发布时间：2018-10-13 15:29

【摘要】：石化行业是生产能源和重要原材料的基础工业,同时具有高温高压、易燃易爆、有毒有害、易发生重大事故的特点。因此,在石化装置的设计中加入气体检测报警系统,连续监控工艺装置或储运设施周围环境中的气体泄漏情况,是保障装置和人员生命安全的重要措施之一。而气体探测器能否正确检测,与安装位置有着极密切的关系。本文在总结国内外研究现状的基础上,根据石化企业的特点提出了一套基于风险理论的危险源分析和分级方法,并根据量纲理论、数值模拟理论和现场试验构建了一维重质气体扩散浓度模型和二维轻质气体扩散模型,对气体探测器点位的确定提出了建议,这对于石油化工企业可燃和有毒气体泄漏防控的研究具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。论文研究取得如下研究成果:(1)以风险理论为基础,研究得出利用HAZOP定性风险分析方法确定危险源,结合事故树、道化学火灾爆炸指数定量确定危险源风险级别的方法,为泄漏危险源分级管控和气体探测器优化布置奠定了基础。(2)运用风险方法研究确定了液化气球罐区不同泄漏危险源的风险值。(3)在量纲理论的基础上将风险理论应用于泄漏气体扩散,建立了一维重质气体扩散浓度量纲模型,通过正交试验对模型进行了量化,推导出了一维重质气体扩散浓度模型。(4)运用一维重质气体扩散浓度模型,对某石化企业液化气球罐区内可燃气体探测器的布设位置进行了优化,提出比规范更为精确的布置方案。(5)根据数值模拟理论,研究了封闭车间内轻质气体泄漏扩散规律,得出了二维轻质气体扩散模型,根据模型提出了轻质可燃气体探测器布置的合理范围。
[Abstract]:Petrochemical industry is the basic industry for producing energy and important raw materials. It has the characteristics of high temperature and high pressure, flammable and explosive, toxic and harmful, and prone to serious accidents. Therefore, it is one of the important measures to ensure the safety of equipment and personnel to add gas detection and alarm system to the design of petrochemical plant and continuously monitor the gas leakage in the surrounding environment of the process device or storage and transportation facility. Whether the gas detector can be detected correctly is closely related to the installation position. On the basis of summing up the present research situation at home and abroad, this paper puts forward a set of risk analysis and classification methods based on risk theory according to the characteristics of petrochemical enterprises, and according to the dimensionality theory, The one-dimensional heavy gas diffusion concentration model and the two-dimensional light-weight gas diffusion model are constructed by numerical simulation theory and field test, and some suggestions for determining the location of the gas detector are put forward. It has important theoretical value and practical significance for the study on the prevention and control of flammable and toxic gas leakage in petrochemical enterprises. The research results are as follows: (1) based on the risk theory, the method of using HAZOP qualitative risk analysis method to determine the risk source, combining with the accident tree, road chemical fire and explosion index to quantitatively determine the risk level of the hazard source, is obtained. It lays a foundation for classified control of leakage hazard sources and optimal layout of gas detectors. (2) risk values of different leakage hazard sources in liquefied petroleum gas spherical tank area are determined by using risk method. (3) risk theory should be applied on the basis of dimensionality theory. For leaking gas diffusion, A one-dimensional model of heavy gas diffusion concentration is established. The model is quantized by orthogonal test, and a one-dimensional heavy gas diffusion concentration model is derived. (4) the one-dimensional heavy gas diffusion concentration model is used. The location of the combustible gas detector in the LPG spherical tank area of a petrochemical enterprise is optimized, and a more accurate layout scheme than the code is proposed. (5) according to the numerical simulation theory, the leakage and diffusion law of light gas in the closed workshop is studied. The two-dimensional diffusion model of light gas is obtained and the reasonable range of the light combustible gas detector arrangement is proposed according to the model.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TE687

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