基于行为的应急疏散路径优化与仿真

发布时间：2018-10-15 18:19

【摘要】：应急疏散是应对大型突发灾难性事件，防止和减少人员伤亡的重要措施。现如今，越来越多的突发状况需要我们进行紧急疏散。地铁在城市交通中作用的不断增强，其运营安全的问题也得到越来越多的重视。由于地铁构造的特殊性，如何在事故发生后将人员高效地疏散出去是保障其运营安全性的核心问题。本研究在介绍疏散个体行为特性上，主要旨在解决通过地铁疏散路径优化的问题来达到提高应急疏散效率。首先建立了地铁疏散网络，根据地铁的特性，定义了网络内各个元素的属性。在此基础上，考虑到疏散时的拥挤程度对应急疏散效率有着重要的影响，设计出地铁疏散的拥挤度。结合此拥挤度，改进了拍卖算法，并将改进后的拍卖算法应用于设计的应急疏散路径优化方法中。文章以上海地铁中的东昌路站为实际数据为案例，验证了此路径优化的方法，为地铁疏散人员提供了从事发地铁车厢经由车站内各个设施最终抵达安全点的完整疏散方案。考虑到应急疏散中疏散个体无法完全按照既定的疏散指派方案进行疏散，只能将之前的疏散方法作为引导策略，针对疏散个体各种行为，提炼出从众现象这一最重要的个体疏散行为。在Anylogic仿真软件的工作环境下，引入了蚁群算法模拟个体从众的行为，将之前的疏散优化结果作为参数引入此蚁群算法中，与常规疏散相比，优化后的方案能够有效地减缓整个疏散过程的拥挤程度，减少疏散时间，同时能为疏散个体提供合理的疏散路径。
[Abstract]:Emergency evacuation is an important measure to prevent and reduce casualties. Nowadays, more and more emergencies call for emergency evacuation. With the increasing role of subway in urban traffic, more and more attention has been paid to the safety of subway operation. Because of the particularity of subway construction, how to evacuate people efficiently after the accident is the core problem to ensure its operation safety. The purpose of this study is to improve the efficiency of emergency evacuation by solving the problem of subway evacuation path optimization. First, the subway evacuation network is established, and the attributes of each element in the network are defined according to the characteristics of the subway. On this basis, considering that the crowded degree of evacuation has an important impact on the efficiency of emergency evacuation, the congestion degree of subway evacuation is designed. Combined with the congestion, the auction algorithm is improved, and the improved auction algorithm is applied to the design of the emergency evacuation path optimization method. Taking Dongchang Road Station in Shanghai Metro as an example, this paper verifies the method of route optimization, and provides a complete evacuation plan for subway evacuees to reach the safety point from the subway compartment through the facilities in the station. Considering that the evacuees can not be evacuated in accordance with the established evacuation assignment scheme, the previous evacuation methods can only be used as a guiding strategy, aiming at the various behaviors of the evacuees. The most important behavior of individual evacuation is the phenomenon of conformity. In the working environment of Anylogic simulation software, the ant colony algorithm is introduced to simulate the behavior of individual herd, and the previous evacuation optimization results are introduced as parameters in this ant colony algorithm. The optimized scheme can effectively reduce the crowded degree of the whole evacuation process, reduce the evacuation time, and provide a reasonable evacuation path for the individual evacuation.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：U298

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