民用飞机风挡抗鸟撞的数值分析与适航技术研究

发布时间：2018-10-18 13:49

【摘要】：鸟撞一直都是航空安全的隐患,随着航空运输业的快速发展,鸟撞问题并没有得到相应的改善。飞机航班的增加、飞机速度的提高反而使得鸟撞问题越来越不容忽视。美国野生动物撞击数据库统计,鸟撞飞机风挡的次数占鸟撞总数的16%,位居首位,因此有必要对风挡的鸟撞研究予以更多的重视。目前,层合风挡被越来越多的运用到大型民用飞机上。相比于单层风挡结构,层合风挡受撞击后能够吸收更多的能量,稳定性也更好,同等重量下具有更好的强度和刚度。但是对于鸟撞层合风挡的研究还相对较少,主要集中在对夹层板的研究上。因此,本文对某大型民用飞机的层合风挡进行了鸟撞动响应分析,以期给大型民用飞机层合风挡的适航审定以及设计给予一定的参考。本文首先概述了欧美国家适航鸟撞条款的发展历史,以及在发展过程中欧美国家在相关条款上关于鸟体重量的争议,深入分析了我国运输类飞机适航符合性验证中相关的鸟撞适航条款,探讨了鸟撞符合性验证方法体系,为鸟撞问题的分析提供适航规章的审定基础。其次,对构建鸟撞分析模型需要考虑的多种因素进行了分析,包括鸟体模型的几何模型、本构模型、单元类型,风挡模型的几何模型、材料及其本构模型、风挡边界条件,以及撞击角度、撞击位置、撞击速度等鸟撞工况,为鸟撞问题确立合适的建模基础。在这两者的基础上,形成了CATIA-ANS YS-DYNA联合建模求解的数值分析方法体系,为了验证该体系的可行性,在已有鸟撞试验数据的的基础上,进行了对比数值分析,之后,在此数值分析方法体系上建立了某大型民用飞机风挡鸟撞的有限元数值分析模型,模拟了鸟撞层合风挡的撞击过程,分析了层合风挡遭受鸟撞后的受力情况及破坏形式。
[Abstract]:Bird collision is always a hidden danger of aviation safety. With the rapid development of aviation transportation industry, bird collision problem has not been improved. The increase of aircraft flight and the increase of aircraft speed make bird collision more and more important. According to the wildlife impact database in the United States, the number of bird bumping aircraft windshield accounts for 16% of the total number of bird collisions, ranking first, so it is necessary to pay more attention to the research of windshield bird collision. At present, laminated windshield is more and more used in large civil aircraft. Compared with the single-layer windshield structure, the laminated windshield can absorb more energy, have better stability, and have better strength and stiffness under the same weight. However, the research of bird impact layer windshield is relatively few, mainly focused on the sandwich plate research. Therefore, this paper analyzes the bird impact response of the laminated windshield of a large civil aircraft, in order to provide some reference for the airworthiness validation and design of the laminated windshield of a large civil aircraft. This paper first summarizes the history of the airworthiness bird collision clause in Europe and the United States, as well as the controversy on bird weight in the relevant terms of the European and American countries in the process of development. This paper analyzes deeply the relevant articles of bird collision airworthiness verification of Chinese transport aircraft, discusses the verification method system of bird collision conformity, and provides the basis for the examination of airworthiness regulations for the analysis of bird collision problem. Secondly, several factors that need to be considered in the construction of bird collision analysis model are analyzed, including the geometric model of bird body model, constitutive model, element type, geometric model of windshield model, material and its constitutive model, windshield boundary condition. As well as impact angle, impact position, impact velocity and other bird impact conditions, to establish a suitable model for bird collision. On the basis of these two methods, a numerical analysis system of CATIA-ANS YS-DYNA joint modeling and solving is formed. In order to verify the feasibility of the system, a comparative numerical analysis is carried out on the basis of the existing bird impact test data. The finite element numerical analysis model of a large civil aircraft windshield bird collision is established on the basis of the numerical analysis method system. The impact process of the bird impact layer windshield is simulated and the force and failure mode of the laminated windshield after the bird impact is analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：V328;V223.9

【参考文献】