典型化工过程安全控制模式研究
发布时间：2018-10-20 12:44
【摘要】：化工行业在我国国民经济中占有重要的地位,但由于生产工艺复杂、涉及物料危险性大、操作条件特殊等原因,化工生产过程中极易发生火灾、爆炸、中毒等重大工业事故,以至造成大量的人员伤亡、财产损失和环境污染,因此开展化工过程的安全控制研究具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。选择有代表性的化工过程——甲醇精馏为典型,建立了基于危险性分析和评价的化工过程安全控制模式：通过危险和可操作性分析(]3AZOP)、化工过程安全模拟完善工艺过程本质安全设计,根据防护层分析和防护层有效性评判恰当地选择防护层,实现化工过程的安全控制。根据化工工艺过程的本质安全设计理念,运用危险和可操作性分析(HAZOP)进行工艺过程的危险性分析,找出潜在的危险源以及影响工艺过程安全的重要工艺参数,为控制危险源进行本质安全设计提供依据。在HAZOP分析的基础上,利用化工过程模拟技术考察工艺过程中关键装置内的温度、流量、压力、气液组成等关键工艺参数对工艺过程安全的影响,使传统的基于经验判断的危险性分析和本质安全设计定量化,指导从工艺过程安全控制方面进一步完善本质安全设计。建立了基于化工事故统计分析的化工过程可接受危险函数,探讨了化工事故死亡人数与事故发生概率之间的关系,提出了结合事故后果评估确定工艺过程中具有潜在火灾、爆炸、中毒等严重后果事故场景的可接受危险标准的方法。在本质安全设计基础上合理地选择防护层,进一步降低过程危险性。运用防护层分析(LOPA)方法分析工艺过程中具有潜在火灾、爆炸、中毒等严重后果的事故场景的防护措施时,提出了通过考查各防护层的允许故障概率PFD来计算事故后果发生概率MP,并将MP与可接受危险标准TP相比较来评判防护系统的有效性的方法,弥补了现有LOPA方法中的不足。重大事故应急是防护层的最后一层,提高重大事故应急能力是过程安全控制的最后一道防线。建立了基于层次分析法(AHP)的重大事故应急能力评价指标体系,利用模糊综合评价方法对重大事故应急能力进行评价,解决了重大事故应急的防护功能量化的问题,使得工艺过程的防护层分析更加完整。提出了根据化工过程安全控制模式开展化工过程危险性评价,通过危险降低因子来衡量化工过程危险性的理念和方法。
[Abstract]:The chemical industry plays an important role in the national economy of our country. However, due to the complex production process, high risk of materials involved, special operating conditions and other reasons, the chemical industry is prone to fire, explosion, poisoning and other major industrial accidents. Even caused a lot of casualties, property losses and environmental pollution, it is of great theoretical value and practical significance to study the safety control of chemical process. The representative chemical process, methanol distillation, is selected as a typical example. The safety control model of chemical process based on hazard analysis and evaluation is established. Through hazard and maneuverability analysis (3AZOP), chemical process safety simulation is used to perfect the essential safety design of chemical process. According to the analysis of the protective layer and the evaluation of the effectiveness of the protective layer, the protective layer is properly selected to realize the safety control of the chemical process. According to the concept of essential safety design of chemical process, (HAZOP) is used to analyze the risk of process, and the potential hazard source and important process parameters affecting the safety of process are found out. It provides the basis for the essential safety design for controlling the hazard source. On the basis of HAZOP analysis, the influence of key process parameters, such as temperature, flow rate, pressure and gas-liquid composition, on process safety was investigated by chemical process simulation technology. The traditional risk analysis based on experience judgment and the quantification of the essential safety design can guide the improvement of the essential safety design from the aspect of process safety control. The acceptable hazard function of chemical process based on statistical analysis of chemical accidents is established. The relationship between the number of deaths and the probability of accidents is discussed, and the potential fire in the process is determined by combining the assessment of accident consequences. An acceptable hazard standard for scenarios of serious consequences such as explosion, poisoning, etc. On the basis of intrinsically safe design, reasonable selection of protective layer can further reduce the process risk. When using the protective layer analysis (LOPA) method to analyze the protective measures of the accident scene with potential fire, explosion, poisoning and other serious consequences in the process, This paper presents a method to evaluate the effectiveness of the protective system by checking the allowable failure probability PFD of each protective layer to calculate the probability MP, of the accident consequence and compare the MP with the acceptable hazard standard TP to make up for the shortcomings of the existing LOPA methods. The critical accident emergency is the last layer of the protective layer, and the improvement of the emergency capability is the last line of defense for the process safety control. The evaluation index system of critical accident emergency response ability based on AHP (AHP) is established. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the critical accident emergency response ability, and the problem of quantifying the protection function of major accident emergency response is solved. The protective layer analysis of the process is more complete. The idea and method of risk assessment of chemical process according to the safety control mode of chemical process are put forward, and the risk reduction factor is used to measure the risk of chemical process.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TQ086
本文编号：2283224
[Abstract]:The chemical industry plays an important role in the national economy of our country. However, due to the complex production process, high risk of materials involved, special operating conditions and other reasons, the chemical industry is prone to fire, explosion, poisoning and other major industrial accidents. Even caused a lot of casualties, property losses and environmental pollution, it is of great theoretical value and practical significance to study the safety control of chemical process. The representative chemical process, methanol distillation, is selected as a typical example. The safety control model of chemical process based on hazard analysis and evaluation is established. Through hazard and maneuverability analysis (3AZOP), chemical process safety simulation is used to perfect the essential safety design of chemical process. According to the analysis of the protective layer and the evaluation of the effectiveness of the protective layer, the protective layer is properly selected to realize the safety control of the chemical process. According to the concept of essential safety design of chemical process, (HAZOP) is used to analyze the risk of process, and the potential hazard source and important process parameters affecting the safety of process are found out. It provides the basis for the essential safety design for controlling the hazard source. On the basis of HAZOP analysis, the influence of key process parameters, such as temperature, flow rate, pressure and gas-liquid composition, on process safety was investigated by chemical process simulation technology. The traditional risk analysis based on experience judgment and the quantification of the essential safety design can guide the improvement of the essential safety design from the aspect of process safety control. The acceptable hazard function of chemical process based on statistical analysis of chemical accidents is established. The relationship between the number of deaths and the probability of accidents is discussed, and the potential fire in the process is determined by combining the assessment of accident consequences. An acceptable hazard standard for scenarios of serious consequences such as explosion, poisoning, etc. On the basis of intrinsically safe design, reasonable selection of protective layer can further reduce the process risk. When using the protective layer analysis (LOPA) method to analyze the protective measures of the accident scene with potential fire, explosion, poisoning and other serious consequences in the process, This paper presents a method to evaluate the effectiveness of the protective system by checking the allowable failure probability PFD of each protective layer to calculate the probability MP, of the accident consequence and compare the MP with the acceptable hazard standard TP to make up for the shortcomings of the existing LOPA methods. The critical accident emergency is the last layer of the protective layer, and the improvement of the emergency capability is the last line of defense for the process safety control. The evaluation index system of critical accident emergency response ability based on AHP (AHP) is established. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the critical accident emergency response ability, and the problem of quantifying the protection function of major accident emergency response is solved. The protective layer analysis of the process is more complete. The idea and method of risk assessment of chemical process according to the safety control mode of chemical process are put forward, and the risk reduction factor is used to measure the risk of chemical process.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TQ086
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 盖希杰;邓德茹;吴东;吴春华;王涛;;化工生产过程HAZOP安全评价技术[J];计算机与应用化学;2010年08期
，本文编号：2283224
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