低空飞行器安全控制技术研究

发布时间：2018-10-24 13:39

【摘要】：低空无人飞行器是近年来我国重点研究和发展的方向，而飞行试验是验证产品性能、完善产品设计的必要途径。飞行试验期间，由于产品质量难保证，飞行试验故障率相对较高，易对地面人员设施产生危害，因此需要对产品试验过程实施有效的全程安全控制。本论文针对低空无人飞行器飞行高度低、空域范围广和全程机动的特点，给出了地面视距安控、空中转发安控和空基测控站安控等三种安控模式，并对三种安控模式的方案特点进行了深入的分析。在此基础上，提出了一种以空基测控站为核心，兼顾地面测控的通用化空地一体的试验场安控系统方案。其中，，空基测控站可在空中全程机动跟踪飞行目标，地面的机动数据采集系统全部采用车载式方舱设计，该系统具有随时转场、不受空域限制的特点。低空飞行器飞行试验对地面安全威胁较大，为保护地面人员与设施的安全，提出了试验场超低空飞行试验中对地面目标多模式的安全保护方法，并对安控管道设计、关键遥测参数起判线规划、安控管道内缩、外扩和合并等问题进行了深入研究。针对空地一体安控系统的需求，提出了一种新的安控体制，重点对实施模式、目标确定原则、判决模式、故障判断以及实施原则等关键技术进行了研究。最后，结合具体的飞行试验，对空地一体安控系统的实施方案进行了设计。
[Abstract]:Low altitude unmanned aerial vehicle (LUAV) is the key research and development direction in China in recent years, and flight test is the necessary way to verify the product performance and perfect the product design. During the flight test, because the product quality is difficult to guarantee, the failure rate of the flight test is relatively high, and it is easy to cause harm to the personnel facilities on the ground, so it is necessary to carry out effective safety control in the whole process of the product test. Aiming at the characteristics of low altitude unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), wide range of airspace and full range maneuvering, three safety control modes, namely ground line-of-sight safety control, air forwarding safety control and space-based control station, are presented in this paper. The characteristics of the three safety control modes are analyzed. On the basis of this, a safety control system scheme of test ground is proposed, which takes space-based control station as the core and gives consideration to ground measurement and control. Among them, the space-based measurement and control station can track the flying target in the whole flight, and the mobile data acquisition system on the ground is designed by the vehicle-borne cabins. The system has the characteristics of turning field at any time and not limited by the airspace. In order to protect the safety of personnel and facilities on the ground, the multi-mode safety protection method for ground targets in the test ground is put forward, and the safety control pipeline is designed. The key telemetry parameters such as line planning, internal shrinkage, expansion and merging of safety control pipeline are studied. A new safety control system is proposed to meet the needs of the integrated air-to-ground safety control system. The key technologies such as implementation mode, target determination principle, decision mode, fault judgment and implementation principle are studied. Finally, combined with the specific flight test, the implementation scheme of the air-to-ground integrated safety control system is designed.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：V328

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