我国加入压载水公约的分析和对策研究
发布时间：2018-10-25 18:37
【摘要】：船舶压载水是外来水生物和病原体转移的一个重要途径,其对生态环境、人体健康、经济发展和海洋资源所造成的威胁和损害引起了全世界的广泛关注。为了缓解并最终消除这一问题,国际海事组织(IMO)制定并于2004年2月通过了《2004年国际船舶压载水和沉积物控制和管理公约》。它是IMO第一个涉及生物入侵方面的公约,对海洋环境保护和航运业具有深刻影响。 我国是IMO的A类理事国,同时也是一个航运大国和渔业大国,应当在压载水公约履约方面做好准备并作出表率。虽然目前压载水公约还未达到规定的生效条件,但是从发展形势来看,生效将成为必然,而且为期也不会太远。另外,为了保护本国水域的生态安全和相关利益,不少国家都制定了单边要求,无论公约生效违反与否,航行至此类国家的船舶都必须遵守压载水管理的相关规定。因此,研究分析我国履行压载水公约面临的形势和应该采取的对策具有重要现实意义。 本文以《2004年国际船舶压载水和沉积物控制和管理公约》为研究对象,根据该公约的有关要求,利用基于层次分析法的SWOT分析模型对我国履行公约存在的优势、不足以及面临的机会和挑战进行了定性和定量分析,并通过构造判断矩阵和进行权重比较给出了履行公约应选择的实施战略,即开拓型战略(SO战略)。根据分析情况,本文从缔约国的角度出发,提出了履行压载水公约应采取的对策,着重阐述了作为一个主管机关应该采取的措施。文章主要内容包括,论文的研究背景和意义、压载水公约的主要内容和要求、国内外压载水管理工作开展状况,我国加入压载水公约的SWOT分析和应采取的对策措施等。
[Abstract]:Ship ballast water is an important way to transfer foreign aquatic organisms and pathogens. The threat and damage caused by ballast water to ecological environment, human health, economic development and marine resources have attracted wide attention all over the world. In order to alleviate and eventually eliminate this problem, the International Convention on the Control and Management of Ballast Water and sediments of ships (2004) was formulated and adopted by the IMO (IMO) in February 2004. It is the first IMO convention to deal with biological invasion and has a profound impact on marine environmental protection and shipping industry. China is a Class A member of IMO, and also a big shipping country and a big fishing country. It should be prepared and set an example in the implementation of ballast water convention. Although the current ballast water convention has not yet met the required conditions for entry into force, but from the perspective of the development situation, it will become inevitable and will not be too far away. In addition, in order to protect the ecological safety and related interests of their own waters, many countries have formulated unilateral requirements, no matter whether the Convention is in force or not, ships sailing to such countries must abide by the relevant provisions of ballast water management. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study and analyze the situation and countermeasures to fulfill the ballast water convention in China. In this paper, the International Convention on the Control and Management of Ballast Water and sediments of ships in 2004 is taken as the research object. According to the requirements of the Convention, the SWOT analysis model based on the Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is applied to the implementation of the Convention in China. The deficiency, the opportunity and the challenge are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, and the implementation strategy that should be chosen to fulfill the convention is given by constructing the judgment matrix and comparing the weights, that is, the pioneering strategy (SO strategy). Based on the analysis of the situation, this paper puts forward the countermeasures to fulfill the ballast water convention from the point of view of the state party, and emphatically expounds the measures that should be taken as a competent authority. The main contents of this paper include the background and significance of the research, the main contents and requirements of the ballast water convention, the status of ballast water management at home and abroad, the SWOT analysis of China's joining the ballast water convention and the countermeasures to be taken.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：U698.7
[Abstract]:Ship ballast water is an important way to transfer foreign aquatic organisms and pathogens. The threat and damage caused by ballast water to ecological environment, human health, economic development and marine resources have attracted wide attention all over the world. In order to alleviate and eventually eliminate this problem, the International Convention on the Control and Management of Ballast Water and sediments of ships (2004) was formulated and adopted by the IMO (IMO) in February 2004. It is the first IMO convention to deal with biological invasion and has a profound impact on marine environmental protection and shipping industry. China is a Class A member of IMO, and also a big shipping country and a big fishing country. It should be prepared and set an example in the implementation of ballast water convention. Although the current ballast water convention has not yet met the required conditions for entry into force, but from the perspective of the development situation, it will become inevitable and will not be too far away. In addition, in order to protect the ecological safety and related interests of their own waters, many countries have formulated unilateral requirements, no matter whether the Convention is in force or not, ships sailing to such countries must abide by the relevant provisions of ballast water management. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study and analyze the situation and countermeasures to fulfill the ballast water convention in China. In this paper, the International Convention on the Control and Management of Ballast Water and sediments of ships in 2004 is taken as the research object. According to the requirements of the Convention, the SWOT analysis model based on the Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is applied to the implementation of the Convention in China. The deficiency, the opportunity and the challenge are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, and the implementation strategy that should be chosen to fulfill the convention is given by constructing the judgment matrix and comparing the weights, that is, the pioneering strategy (SO strategy). Based on the analysis of the situation, this paper puts forward the countermeasures to fulfill the ballast water convention from the point of view of the state party, and emphatically expounds the measures that should be taken as a competent authority. The main contents of this paper include the background and significance of the research, the main contents and requirements of the ballast water convention, the status of ballast water management at home and abroad, the SWOT analysis of China's joining the ballast water convention and the countermeasures to be taken.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：U698.7
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相关期刊论文 前10条
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