重庆市综合防灾减灾体系构建研究

发布时间：2018-11-04 11:34

【摘要】：随着人类社会经济的快速发展,灾害的发生频率、强度以及灾害造成的损失日益增加,传统的单一灾种的防灾减灾工作体系已不能满足当前防灾减灾工作的需要。综合防灾减灾作为一种社会性系统工程,由于其面向多种灾害和灾害链,充分考虑各灾害之间的自然关系,采取多种工程性与非工程性减灾措施进行防灾减灾,可以最大程度地发挥社会减灾能力的联合作用,最大限度地减轻灾害损失与影响,已成为灾害管理的热点研究问题。重庆市自直辖以来,防灾减灾工作已取得显著成效。本文基于地球系统科学思想,深入分析重庆市市情、灾情以及防灾减灾工作现状,重点分析重庆市的灾害特征与防灾减灾工作取得的成就与存在的问题,尤其对重庆市防灾减灾工作中存在的问题予以深度剖析；立足重庆市市情、灾情,对现有资源进行整合、对不足与问题予以完善和修正,从管理体制、运行机制、监测预报预警体系、灾害防治体系、灾害应急救援救助和灾后恢复重建体系等综合防灾减灾系统性工程的各方面各环节进行系统构建。并提出了重庆市综合防灾减灾工作体系建设的重点项目。 (1)综合防灾减灾管理体制。灾害管理贯穿于综合防灾减灾全过程,管理体制的完善与否直接关系到防灾减灾工作效率的高低。本文首先对现有防灾减灾管理体制进行修正与完善：设立重庆市综合防灾减灾委员会作为重庆市综合防灾减灾工作的统一领导机构,以重庆市综合防灾减灾办公室作为防灾减灾委员会的日常办事机构及统一协调指挥机构,建立综合灾害信息数据库,为重庆市所有灾害管理部门提供信息。重庆市防灾减灾委员会下设重庆市综合灾害防治指挥部、综合灾害应急处置指挥部、综合灾害恢复重建指挥部和综合防灾减灾保障工作统一指挥部,简称四大指挥部,四大指挥部作为重庆市综合防灾减灾工作的具体实施机构在防灾减灾委员会(办公室)的统一领导下保持联系紧密,信息共享,共同致力于重庆市综合防灾减灾工作。四大指挥部下设子机构对防灾减灾各环节予以具体实施(综合灾害应急处置指挥部下设应急联动中心,灾害发生时各部门无条件配合应急联动中心的调动)。各区县(自治县)政府、开发区管委会、乡镇(街道)和有条件的村(社区)均应根据当地灾情参照市级综合防灾减灾领导组织体系建立当地综合防灾减灾领导组织体系。 (2)高效联动的运行机制。根据重庆市市情和灾情,制定定期排查—实时监测—信息管理与共享—风险分析与链性分析—灾害防治(救援—灾后重建)—信息管理与共享的高效联动的运行机制。 (3)综合灾害监测预报预警体系。在现有灾害监测网基础上增加企事业单位灾情速报点、民居灾情速报点和环境灾害监测网；以气象灾害监测为依托(气象灾害信息实时传输予各灾害监测网),实现地质灾害与洪涝灾害的综合监测、农业灾害、林业灾害及生物灾害综合监测、人为灾害综合监测、环境灾害综合监测,根据综合信息进行灾害监测与灾害防治的相关调整。 (4)综合灾害防治体系。对关联度大的不同灾害实施统一、综合防治。 (5)综合灾害应急救援救助。灾害发生地综合灾害应急处置指挥部与驻地应急联动中心及时处置,并及时上报。 (6)灾后恢复重建。灾害发生地综合灾害恢复重建指挥部为主要负责部门,市综合灾害恢复重建指挥部予以全程指导和监督,市综合防灾减灾保障工作统一指挥部协助当地综合防灾减灾保障工作统一指挥部全面负责灾后恢复重建的保障工作。 (7)综合防灾减灾保障体系。综合防灾减灾保障工作统一指挥部联合各相关部门全面负责法规、预案、人力、资金、技术、物资、宣传等防灾减灾相关保障工作。 (8)重庆市综合防灾减灾工作体系建设的重点项目。综合灾害风险调查与评估工程、应急联动中心建设、物资储备库和应急避难场所建设、灾害模拟与仿真系统建设、综合防灾减灾宣传教育试点研究和综合防灾减灾示范社区建设工程等六大项目是重庆市综合防灾减灾工作体系建设的重要环节,要求质与量的绝对保障。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of human society economy, the frequency and intensity of disasters and the damage caused by disasters are increasing, and the traditional disaster prevention and mitigation work system of single disaster can not meet the needs of the current disaster prevention and mitigation work. As a kind of social system engineering, comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction is a kind of social system engineering, because it faces many disasters and disasters chain, takes full consideration of the natural relation between disasters, takes a variety of engineering and non-engineering disaster reduction measures for disaster prevention and mitigation, The joint role of social disaster reduction capability can be exerted to the greatest extent, the disaster loss and influence can be reduced to the greatest extent, and the problem of hot research on disaster management has become a hot topic of disaster management. Since its direct administration in Chongqing, disaster prevention and mitigation has achieved remarkable results. Based on the scientific thought of the earth system, this paper deeply analyzes the situation of disaster, disaster and disaster prevention and reduction in Chongqing, and points out the achievements and existing achievements of disaster characteristics and disaster prevention and mitigation in Chongqing. The problems, especially the problems existing in disaster prevention and mitigation in Chongqing, are analyzed in depth; based on Chongqing city situation and disaster situation, the existing resources are fully integrated, the deficiency and problems are improved and revised, and the management system, operating mechanism, monitoring and forecasting early warning system and disaster prevention and control system are taken from the aspects of management system, operation mechanism, monitoring and forecasting system and disaster prevention and control system. System, disaster emergency rescue and disaster recovery reconstruction system and other integrated disaster prevention and disaster reduction system, and all aspects of the system The construction of the comprehensive disaster prevention and disaster reduction work system in Chongqing is put forward. Project. (1) Comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction Disaster management is through the whole process of comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction, the improvement of management system is directly related to disaster prevention and reduction work The paper firstly revises and perfects the existing disaster prevention and reduction management system: the establishment of Chongqing Integrated Disaster Prevention and Reduction Committee as the system of comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation in Chongqing A leading agency, with the comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction office of Chongqing as the daily office of the disaster prevention and mitigation committee and the unified coordinating command agency, set up a comprehensive disaster information database, which is the disaster management department in Chongqing The disaster prevention and mitigation committee of Chongqing has set up the integrated disaster prevention and control headquarters of Chongqing, the comprehensive disaster emergency disposal command, the comprehensive disaster recovery reconstruction headquarters and the integrated disaster prevention and disaster reduction protection work unified command. The four headquarters, the four headquarters, serve as the concrete implementing agencies of the comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction work in Chongqing, maintain close contact and information sharing under the unified leadership of the Disaster Prevention and Disaster Reduction Committee (Office), and jointly commit to the comprehensive prevention and reduction of Chongqing Disaster reduction and disaster reduction work. The sub-agencies under the four headquarters are responsible for the implementation of each link of disaster prevention and reduction (the Integrated Disaster Emergency Treatment Command has an emergency linkage center, and all departments shall cooperate unconditionally in the emergency linkage at the time of occurrence of disasters) All counties (autonomous counties), counties, towns (streets) and conditional villages (communities) shall, on the basis of local disasters, establish local comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation collar according to the local disaster situation and the municipal comprehensive disaster prevention and disaster reduction leading organization system Guide tissue system. (2) High In accordance with the situation and situation of Chongqing Municipality, the author establishes the high-level information management and shared high-level information management and sharing of the real-time monitoring and management system information management and sharing risk management and the chain analysis according to the city situation and the disaster situation in Chongqing. Operational mechanism of efficiency linkage. (3) ensemble An early warning system for disaster monitoring and forecasting is built on the basis of the existing disaster monitoring system, and the disaster quick report points of enterprises and institutions are added on the basis of the existing disasters, and the disaster recovery points and the environmental disaster information of the residential areas are reported; the meteorological disaster monitoring is based on the meteorological disaster information (real-time transmission of meteorological disaster information to the disaster victims) so as to realize the geological disaster. Comprehensive monitoring of disaster and flood disaster, agricultural disaster, forestry disaster and biological disaster comprehensive monitoring, man-made disaster comprehensive monitoring, environmental disaster comprehensive monitoring, disaster monitoring according to comprehensive information Relevant adjustments to the prevention and control of disasters. (4) Comprehensive disaster prevention and control system. Unified and comprehensive prevention and control of different disasters. (5) Comprehensive disaster emergency rescue and rescue. Integrated disaster emergency disposal command and office in the place where disasters occur Local emergency linkage center in time Set up and report in time. (6) Post-disaster recovery and reconstruction. The disaster site comprehensive disaster recovery and reconstruction headquarters is the main responsible department and city The Comprehensive Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction Command shall provide overall guidance and supervision to the integrated disaster prevention and disaster reduction and disaster reduction and disaster reduction and disaster reduction and disaster reduction and disaster reduction and disaster reduction and disaster reduction and disaster reduction and disaster reduction and protection work of the local area The unified command is fully responsible for the recovery of the disaster after the disaster Comprehensive disaster prevention and disaster reduction and reduction system. Comprehensive disaster prevention and disaster reduction and disaster reduction and reduction guarantee work unified command joint all relevant departments to take charge of regulations, preplan and manpower Relevant safeguards for disaster prevention and mitigation, such as funds, technology, materials and publicity. (8) Key projects for the construction of the comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction work system in Chongqing; the comprehensive disaster risk investigation and assessment project and the construction of the emergency linkage center; The six projects, such as the construction of material reserve and emergency shelter, the construction of disaster simulation and simulation system, the pilot study on comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation and the demonstration of comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation, and the construction project of comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation, are comprehensive in Chongqing.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X4

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