基于图像处理的地铁区间应急疏散系统的研究

发布时间：2018-11-07 17:29

【摘要】：随着社会经济的迅速发展，各个城市交通压力日趋严重。地铁以其运量大、环保、快速等特点能有效疏通城市密集客流，成为当前城市公共交通发展的重点。然而地铁深处地下，结构复杂，没有自然光的特点为应急救援带来了极大的困难，一旦发生火灾等突发事故，极易造成人员伤亡和经济损失。目前地铁列车火灾报警主要依靠人工监测，地铁区间的应急照明系统虽然能在正常照明失效的情况下自动切换，但不能结合火灾发生的位置给出有效的疏散指示方向，这些不足无法适应地铁区间应急照明的发展要求。因而开展具备列车火灾探测功能的地铁区间应急疏散系统的研究具有重大的现实意义和应用价值。论文以地铁列车及其运行区间为背景，针对地铁列车和区间隧道的特点，分析了地铁区间应急疏散系统的功能要求和系统结构，给出了系统的总体设计方案。深入研究了地铁列车火灾探测问题，同时设计出了基于图像边缘散射度算法的火灾探测方法。本文主要内容包括三部分：第一部分叙述地铁区间应急疏散系统的组成和主要功能以及系统的总体方案；第二部分是基于图像处理技术的火灾探测方法的论述，主要包括地铁火灾探测的原理、基于图像边缘散射度火灾探测算法设计及实现；第三部分是系统软件硬件详细设计，包括地铁列车火灾探测部分、应急照明控制器、应急照明集中电源以及分配电装置的设计。论文中设计地铁区间应急疏散系统在列车发生火灾时，首先从地铁列车视频监控系统中获取监控图像，，地铁列车火灾探测系统通过对监控图像的处理识别出火灾的发生，并通过数字电台向应急照明控制器报警；其次，应急照明控制器通过火灾报警信息生成相应的疏散预案，并下发到应急灯具端；最后人员通过应急灯具的引导下安全疏散。在日常状态下，地铁区间应急疏散系统可以实时监控所有疏散设备的运行状态，为地铁应急疏散设备的管理和维护提供支持。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy, traffic pressure in various cities is becoming more and more serious. Subway has become the focus of the development of urban public transportation because of its characteristics of large volume, environmental protection, fast and so on, which can effectively dredge the dense passenger flow in the city. However, deep underground subway, complex structure, no natural light, the characteristics of emergency rescue brought great difficulties, once the fire and other sudden accidents, it is easy to cause casualties and economic losses. At present, the subway train fire alarm mainly depends on manual monitoring. Although the emergency lighting system in the subway section can automatically switch in the case of normal lighting failure, it cannot give an effective evacuation direction according to the location of the fire. These deficiencies can not meet the development requirements of subway emergency lighting. Therefore, the research of subway emergency evacuation system with train fire detection function has great practical significance and application value. Based on the background of subway train and its running interval, this paper analyzes the functional requirements and system structure of subway emergency evacuation system, and gives the overall design scheme of the system according to the characteristics of subway train and interval tunnel. The problem of subway train fire detection is deeply studied, and a fire detection method based on image edge scattering algorithm is designed. The main contents of this paper include three parts: the first part describes the subway emergency evacuation system composition and main functions as well as the overall scheme of the system; The second part is the discussion of fire detection method based on image processing technology, including the principle of subway fire detection, the design and implementation of fire detection algorithm based on image edge scattering. The third part is the detailed design of the system software and hardware, including the subway train fire detection part, emergency lighting controller, emergency lighting centralized power supply and distribution device design. In this paper, the subway emergency evacuation system is designed to obtain the monitoring image from the subway train video monitoring system when the train fire occurs, and the subway train fire detection system can identify the fire through the processing of the monitoring image. And alarm to emergency lighting controller through digital radio; Secondly, the emergency lighting controller generates the corresponding evacuation plan through the fire alarm information, and sends it down to the end of the emergency lamp. Finally, the personnel are safely evacuated under the guidance of the emergency lamp. In the daily state, the subway emergency evacuation system can monitor the running state of all evacuation equipment in real time, and provide support for the management and maintenance of subway emergency evacuation equipment.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U231;U298.2

【共引文献】