铁路线路安全标准的研究
发布时间：2018-11-09 12:16
【摘要】：铁路线路设施设备是铁路的基本组成部分,其完整程度和质量状态对列车运行安全影响最显著、最直接,是铁路运输安全的前提保证。世界范围内发生的铁路灾难性事故,很多都是线路设施设备故障引发的。因此,各国铁路都高度重视线路设施设备的安全。本课题研究了国外主要铁路国家铁路安全监管体系,国外线路安全标准或相关安全技术要求的主要内容及其制定的法律基础和基本原则,依据安全风险防控理论分析我国铁路线路的主要安全风险,得出需要在安全标准中重点防控的风险点,给出设计我国铁路线路安全标准的基本原则、关键要素和确立依据,及要开展的工作。铁路安全管理体制各个国家各有特点,不尽相同,大多根据本国的政治、经济、文化特点,结合历史发展经验形成。有的国家出于铁路监管需要,形成明确的安全标准,作为基本的安全要求上升为法律法规;有的国家地区间有互联互通需要,在超越国家的政治经济体内形成统一的互通性要求,其中安全性作为首要要求被提出;有的国家只在宏观上提出安全的责任主体,由责任主体承担制定安全标准的责任,政府进行适度监管。我国铁路路网规模大,发展速度快,技术标准高,高铁比重大,行车密度大,外部环境复杂,线路安全面临的挑战更为严峻。铁路安全事关人民群众生命财产安全和国家发展战略,尤其是最近十年高铁的迅猛发展,线路里程快速增加,铁路建设和运营安全面临新的挑战,确保铁路安全是当前工作重中之重。2013年我国铁路实行了政企分开,虽然安全监管部门更加明确,但是规范化的安全管理和安全监管业务还存在不足。安全管理体系需要进一步明确,企业是安全生产责任的主体,政府是安全监管责任的主体。本文利用安全风险分析和防控理论分析了我国铁路线路的主要风险源;给出了我国铁路线路安全标准的设计基本原则、关键要素及确立的依据;根据已有技术研究基础和国外成熟标准,初步提出我国线路安全标准建议,建议中还存在一些不足之处,需要在今后工作中继续深入研究,并且最终通过法制化的过程得以确立。
[Abstract]:Railway equipment is the basic component of railway, and its integrity and quality have the most significant and direct effect on train safety, which is the precondition of railway transportation safety. Many of the world's disastrous railway accidents are caused by line equipment failures. Therefore, railway all over the world attach great importance to the safety of railway facilities. This subject has studied the main railway national railway safety supervision system of foreign countries, the main contents of the foreign railway safety standards or related safety technical requirements, and the legal basis and basic principles of the formulation. According to the theory of safety risk prevention and control, the main safety risks of railway lines in China are analyzed, and the risk points that need to focus on prevention and control in safety standards are obtained, and the basic principles, key elements and establishment basis for designing safety standards of railway lines in China are given. And the work to be carried out. The railway safety management system has its own characteristics in different countries, most of which are formed according to their political, economic and cultural characteristics and historical development experience. Some countries, for the sake of railway supervision, form clear safety standards, which are raised to laws and regulations as basic safety requirements. Some countries and regions have the need of connectivity, and form a unified requirement of interoperability in the political economy beyond the country, in which security is put forward as the primary requirement; Some countries only put forward the responsibility subject of safety on the macro level, and the responsibility of making safety standard is assumed by the responsible subject, and the government carries on the moderate supervision. China's railway network has a large scale, rapid development speed, high technical standard, high proportion of high-speed rail, high driving density, complex external environment, and the challenge of route safety is more severe. Railway safety is related to the safety of people's lives and property and the national development strategy, especially the rapid development of high-speed rail in the last ten years, the rapid increase of railway mileage, and the new challenges to railway construction and operation safety. To ensure railway safety is the top priority of the current work. In 2013, China's railway implemented the separation of government and enterprise, although the safety supervision department is more clear, but there are still deficiencies in standardized safety management and safety supervision business. The safety management system needs to be further clarified that the enterprise is the main body of the responsibility of production safety, and the government is the main body of the responsibility of safety supervision. In this paper, the main risk sources of railway lines in China are analyzed by using the theory of safety risk analysis and prevention and control, and the basic design principles, key elements and the basis for establishing the safety standards of railway lines in China are given. According to the existing technical research foundation and foreign mature standards, the paper preliminarily puts forward some suggestions for China's line safety standards. There are still some deficiencies in the suggestions, which need to be further studied in the future work. And finally through the process of legalization can be established.
【学位授予单位】：中国铁道科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U298
[Abstract]:Railway equipment is the basic component of railway, and its integrity and quality have the most significant and direct effect on train safety, which is the precondition of railway transportation safety. Many of the world's disastrous railway accidents are caused by line equipment failures. Therefore, railway all over the world attach great importance to the safety of railway facilities. This subject has studied the main railway national railway safety supervision system of foreign countries, the main contents of the foreign railway safety standards or related safety technical requirements, and the legal basis and basic principles of the formulation. According to the theory of safety risk prevention and control, the main safety risks of railway lines in China are analyzed, and the risk points that need to focus on prevention and control in safety standards are obtained, and the basic principles, key elements and establishment basis for designing safety standards of railway lines in China are given. And the work to be carried out. The railway safety management system has its own characteristics in different countries, most of which are formed according to their political, economic and cultural characteristics and historical development experience. Some countries, for the sake of railway supervision, form clear safety standards, which are raised to laws and regulations as basic safety requirements. Some countries and regions have the need of connectivity, and form a unified requirement of interoperability in the political economy beyond the country, in which security is put forward as the primary requirement; Some countries only put forward the responsibility subject of safety on the macro level, and the responsibility of making safety standard is assumed by the responsible subject, and the government carries on the moderate supervision. China's railway network has a large scale, rapid development speed, high technical standard, high proportion of high-speed rail, high driving density, complex external environment, and the challenge of route safety is more severe. Railway safety is related to the safety of people's lives and property and the national development strategy, especially the rapid development of high-speed rail in the last ten years, the rapid increase of railway mileage, and the new challenges to railway construction and operation safety. To ensure railway safety is the top priority of the current work. In 2013, China's railway implemented the separation of government and enterprise, although the safety supervision department is more clear, but there are still deficiencies in standardized safety management and safety supervision business. The safety management system needs to be further clarified that the enterprise is the main body of the responsibility of production safety, and the government is the main body of the responsibility of safety supervision. In this paper, the main risk sources of railway lines in China are analyzed by using the theory of safety risk analysis and prevention and control, and the basic design principles, key elements and the basis for establishing the safety standards of railway lines in China are given. According to the existing technical research foundation and foreign mature standards, the paper preliminarily puts forward some suggestions for China's line safety standards. There are still some deficiencies in the suggestions, which need to be further studied in the future work. And finally through the process of legalization can be established.
【学位授予单位】：中国铁道科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U298
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