开放性公共场所应急疏散广播设施选址研究

发布时间：2018-11-11 07:50

【摘要】：广播设施是开放性公共场所安全管理中最灵活有效的设施之一,为使其布局更有利于应急疏散,借鉴解决最大覆盖问题的方法,构建广播设施选址最优化模型。模型中考虑了声音传播中声压级的衰减性质及广播设施之间的干扰现象,兼顾最大覆盖与最小干扰的平衡,并以不被覆盖的信息接收点数与受到干扰的信息接收点数的加权和最小化作为模型的优化目标。将此模型应用于北京市什刹海景区,采用遗传算法求解5种情景下的选址方案,并与现有方案进行比较。结果表明,3种类型信息接收点在不同加权系数和不同广播设施数下的构成比例是不同的,优化选址方案的效果存在很大差异,应根据实际需求制定合理的广播设施选址方案。
[Abstract]:Broadcast facilities are one of the most flexible and effective facilities in the safety management of open public places. In order to make their layout more conducive to emergency evacuation, the optimal model of location selection of broadcast facilities is constructed by using the method of solving the problem of maximum coverage. The attenuation property of sound pressure level in sound propagation and the interference between broadcasting facilities are considered in the model, and the balance between maximum coverage and minimum interference is taken into account. The optimization objective of the model is to minimize the weighted sum of the uncovered information reception points and the disturbed information reception points. This model is applied to Beijing Shici Scenic area. Genetic algorithm is used to solve the siting scheme under five scenarios, and the results are compared with the existing schemes. The results show that the proportion of the three types of information receiving points under different weighting coefficients and different broadcasting facilities is different, and the effect of optimizing the location scheme is very different, so a reasonable broadcast facility location scheme should be made according to the actual demand.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学减灾与应急管理研究院;北京城市系统工程研究中心;北京师范大学资源学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助(11202004,41371489)
【分类号】：D63;X913

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