核能的公众接受度与影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-11-13 09:25

【摘要】：核能与其他能源相比具有明显的比较优势,被很多人视为解决全球气候变暖和能源安全问题的替代方案。在我国能源中长期战略规划中,核能也扮演着重要的角色。公众对核能的态度和接受度是影响核能发展的一个重要因素。因此,本文从历史的角度,对相关文献进行了梳理与分析,整理出了公众对核能接受度的历史演进,并分别从人口统计学变量,与核设施距离,风险与收益比较,社会阶层区别,核知识科普,核事故等方面归纳分析了影响公众对核能接受度的主要因素。人口统计变量中,性别是比较明显的因素。男性多把核能视为一个科技话题,对核能的风险感知较低,接受度较高,女性相反。公众接受度与公众距核电站的距离呈现两边高,中间低的趋势。距离核电站较近的区域可能受益于核电发展带来的经济补偿,接受度相对较高,远距离的人们由于离核电站影响较远,也接受度较高。那些处于可能受到核电站影响区域,但是又不在经济补偿范围内的接受度最低。人们对核电的风险和收益平衡是影响人们接受度的重要因素。社会精英和高教育水平的人们对核能的接受度相对较高。核知识科普可以增加人们关于核能的知识,但是现在没有显著的证据表明可以有效的影响到人们对核能的接受度。核事故是影响公众对核能接受度的最显著因素。核事故发生之后,公众对核能的接受度会大大降低,虽然随着时间推进会慢慢恢复,但是历史经验表明,很难恢复到事故之前的状态。当把核电与全球气候变化,能源安全,环境保护等主题放在一起讨论的时候,人们对核电的普遍态度是"不情愿的接受"。
[Abstract]:Nuclear power has a clear comparative advantage over other sources of energy and is seen by many as an alternative to global climate change and energy security. Nuclear energy also plays an important role in the long-term strategic planning of energy in China. Public attitude and acceptance of nuclear energy is an important factor affecting the development of nuclear energy. Therefore, from the historical point of view, this paper combs and analyzes the relevant literature, collates the historical evolution of public acceptance of nuclear energy, and compares the demographic variables, distance from nuclear facilities, risks and benefits, respectively. The main factors influencing public acceptance of nuclear energy are summarized and analyzed in social class distinction, popularization of nuclear knowledge, nuclear accident and so on. Sex is the most obvious factor in demographic variables. Men tend to view nuclear energy as a technology topic, with a lower risk perception and higher acceptance of nuclear energy than women. The public acceptance and distance from the nuclear power station are high and low. The area closer to the nuclear power station may benefit from the economic compensation brought by the development of nuclear power. The acceptance degree is relatively high, and the people at a long distance are also more receptive because of the influence of the nuclear power plant. Those who are likely to be affected by nuclear power plants, but not within the scope of economic compensation for the lowest acceptance. The balance of risks and benefits of nuclear power is an important factor affecting people's acceptance. Social elites and highly educated people are relatively more receptive to nuclear energy. The spread of nuclear science can increase people's knowledge of nuclear energy, but there is no clear evidence that it can effectively affect people's acceptance of nuclear energy. A nuclear accident is the most significant factor affecting public acceptance of nuclear energy. After a nuclear accident, the public's acceptance of nuclear energy will be greatly reduced, although over time will slowly recover, but historical experience shows that it is difficult to recover to the state before the accident. When nuclear power is discussed with topics such as global climate change, energy security, and environmental protection, the prevailing attitude towards nuclear power is "reluctantly accepted."
【作者单位】：四川大学-香港理工大学灾后重建与管理学院;
【基金】：四川大学引进人才科研启动经费(编号:YJ201505)
【分类号】：D647;TL7

【共引文献】