地铁运营安全人因评价研究

发布时间：2018-11-14 17:49

【摘要】：随着经济的快速发展,原有的地面交通方式,已经无法满足人们日益增长的出行需求,地铁交通便应运而生。我国建地铁的城市越来越多,运营里程也逐年增加。在地铁带来了方便快捷的同时,地铁运营过程中发生的事故越来越多,地铁运营安全则成为一个必不可少的话题。而在地铁运营过程中,人是处于管理、控制、执行的主体位置。在对地铁运营事故的调查中,由于人为失误造成的事故数占的比例最多。所以研究地铁运营工作人员的人为失误影响因素对规范员工行为、减少地铁运营事故具有重要的指导意义。本文先介绍了我国城市地铁发展的现状,然后在统计分析北京的一百起地铁运营事故的基础上,分析得出由于工作人员失误引起的地铁运营事故占比最大。根据事故致因理论和人为因素理论分析了地铁运营人因事故的的特点和致因机理、模型,并且把影响地铁运营安全人因的风险因素划分为人、设备、管理、环境四个因素,对各个因素进行了详细分析。通过解释结构模型深入剖析了人为因素风险因子之间的关系,得出工作人员失误的直接、间接和深层次影响因素。在参考国内外文献城市轨道交通人因安全的评价体系、地铁资深管理专家的意见和相关法律法规,根据建立指标体系的原则以及方法建立了地铁运营安全人因评价指标体系,该体系包含了四个一级指标,十个二级指标、二十三个三级指标。然后运用层次分析法确定各个指标的权重,构造判断矩阵,并用MATLAB软件来对其进行一致性检验,通过一致性检验并得到各个指标的权重。接着在模糊数学的基础上,运用模糊综合评价方法,建立了地铁运营安全人因评价模型。计算过程中分为确定性指标和模糊性指标,模糊性指标通过隶属度函数进行量化。最后以地铁运营公司某条线路的运营为例,进行了实例验证,得出该线路地铁运营人因安全水平在良好级别,与实际一致。得出了模型的可行性与可操作性,并且提出了相对应的建议措施。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, the original ground transportation mode has been unable to meet the increasing travel demand of people, so subway traffic came into being. There are more and more subway cities in our country, and the mileage of operation is increasing year by year. At the same time, there are more and more accidents in the course of subway operation, and the safety of subway operation becomes an indispensable topic. But in the subway operation process, the human is in the management, the control, the execution main body position. In the investigation of subway accidents, the number of accidents caused by human error is the highest. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the human error influencing factors of subway operation staff to standardize employees' behavior and reduce subway operation accidents. This paper first introduces the present situation of the development of urban subway in China, and then on the basis of statistical analysis of 100 subway operation accidents in Beijing, it is concluded that the proportion of subway operation accidents caused by staff errors is the largest. According to the theory of accident cause and the theory of human factor, this paper analyzes the characteristics, mechanism and model of subway operator's accident, and divides the risk factors that affect the safety of subway operation into four factors: human, equipment, management and environment. The factors are analyzed in detail. The relationship between human factors and risk factors is analyzed by explaining the structural model, and the direct, indirect and deep influence factors of staff failure are obtained. In reference to the evaluation system of human safety in urban rail transit, the opinions of senior subway management experts and relevant laws and regulations, according to the principles and methods of establishing index system, the evaluation index system of human factor of subway operation safety is established. The system consists of four first-level indicators, ten second-level indicators and 23 third-level indicators. Then the weight of each index is determined by analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the judgment matrix is constructed. The consistency of each index is verified by MATLAB software, and the weight of each index is obtained. Then, on the basis of fuzzy mathematics, the human factor evaluation model of subway operation safety is established by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. In the process of calculation, it is divided into deterministic index and fuzzy index, and fuzzy index is quantified by membership function. Finally, taking the operation of a certain line of subway operation company as an example, it is proved that the subway operator of this line is in a good level because of the safety level, which is consistent with the actual situation. The feasibility and maneuverability of the model are obtained, and the corresponding suggestions are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U298

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