基于ADS-B技术的通航飞行器风险分级方法研究

发布时间：2018-11-14 20:43

【摘要】：随着我国低空空域的逐步开放,通用航空领域的快速发展,通航飞行器之间的飞行安全问题变得日益严峻。对通航飞行器飞行过程中的风险等级划分,可以有效地避免发生飞行冲突、碰撞,提高飞行安全性。由于良好的监视性能和较低的投资成本,ADS-B(广播式自动相关监视)技术作为国际民航组织推荐的新型航行技术,在通用航空领域逐步应用。本文主要在ADS-B制式下,针对通用航空机型,研究其碰撞模型的构建以及风险分级方法。首先,本文分析了经典的飞行器碰撞模型,对传统的EVENT模型进行改进,建立以椭圆柱体为碰撞模板的同高度同航路纵向碰撞模型、平行航路侧向碰撞模型、垂直碰撞模型。其次,对提出的三类碰撞模型中的参数算法进行研究,并在参数计算的过程中考虑了基于ADS-B制式的机载设备的导航性能以及监视性能等因素,使得参数计算更加精确。然后,以石家庄飞机工业有限责任公司通航机型作为模型算例,根据所提出的参数算法,计算出通航飞行器在ADS-B制式下的纵向、侧向以及垂直方向上的最小安全间隔,研究结果符合国际民航组织规定的飞行安全指标。最后,针对石家庄飞机工业有限责任公司通航机型,在航路飞行过程中进行风险分级。主要考虑航空器的水平间隔、垂直间隔、飞行航迹以及管制方式四个风险分级主要影响因素,运用层次分析法量化评估航空器的风险等级,计算出各个因素的影响权重,并对每个影响因素进行分级,最终划分出低风险、一般风险、中等风险、重大风险四个风险等级。在理论研究的基础上,搭建了适合于3000米以下低空飞行的,基于ADS-B制式的一整套综合避险装备,包括地面综合指挥平台、机载ADS-B装备、车载ADS-B装备、机场ADS-B多点定位基准站以及综合避险软件系统。在此基础上二次开发了综合避险软件系统,加入风险分级的功能,实现对选定飞机风险等级划分,在发生威胁冲突时,做出报警提示。
[Abstract]:With the gradual opening of low-altitude airspace in China and the rapid development of general aviation field, the flight safety problem between aircrafts becomes more and more serious. The classification of risk levels in the flight of navigable vehicles can effectively avoid flight conflicts, collisions and improve flight safety. Because of its good monitoring performance and low investment cost, ADS-B (broadcast automatic correlation Surveillance) technology, as a new navigation technology recommended by ICAO, is gradually applied in the field of general aviation. In this paper, the construction of collision model and the risk classification method for general aviation aircraft are studied under the ADS-B system. Firstly, the classical collision model of aircraft is analyzed, and the traditional EVENT model is improved to establish the longitudinal collision model of the same altitude and the same route with elliptical cylinder as the collision template, the lateral collision model of parallel route and the vertical collision model. Secondly, the parameter algorithms in the three kinds of collision models proposed are studied, and the navigation performance and monitoring performance of airborne equipment based on ADS-B are considered in the process of parameter calculation, which makes the parameter calculation more accurate. Then, taking the navigable model of Shijiazhuang aircraft Industry Co., Ltd as an example, according to the proposed parameter algorithm, the minimum safety interval of the navigable aircraft under the ADS-B system is calculated in longitudinal, lateral and vertical directions. The results of the study are in line with the flight safety indicators prescribed by ICAO. Finally, for Shijiazhuang aircraft Industry Co., Ltd. Considering the four main risk classification factors of aircraft, such as horizontal interval, vertical interval, flight track and control mode, the paper quantitatively evaluates the risk grade of aircraft by using AHP, and calculates the influence weight of each factor. Each influencing factor is classified into four levels: low risk, general risk, medium risk and significant risk. On the basis of theoretical research, a set of integrated risk avoidance equipment, which is suitable for low altitude flight under 3000 meters and based on ADS-B system, has been built, including ground integrated command platform, airborne ADS-B equipment, on-board ADS-B equipment, Airport ADS-B multi-point positioning reference station and integrated risk avoidance software system. On this basis, the comprehensive risk avoidance software system is developed twice, and the function of risk classification is added to realize the classification of the selected aircraft risk grade, and the alarm warning is made in the event of threat conflict.
【学位授予单位】：河北科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：V355.1;V328

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