基于GIS的复杂地形下直升机救援飞行路径优化
发布时间：2018-11-15 23:03
【摘要】：随着近年来各类灾害事故的频发，人们越多地将目光聚集到救灾工作上。不难发现，通用航空在应急救援中发挥了不可替代的作用。与其他应急救援方式相比，以直升机为主的通用航空救援飞行具有快速、高效、受地理空间限制较少等优势，是世界各国普遍采用且最有效的应急手段。 我国航空救援体系的建设正在各方的推动下快速发展。目前具备的航空应急救援能力不仅与灾害频发的国情不相适应，也与社会经济发展的水平不相适应。随着我国低空空域逐步开放，未来民用直升机的市场潜力巨大，因此推进通用航空发展，建立航空应急救援体系，优化直升机救援方法，增强航空救援和应急服务保障能力已刻不容缓。 目视航图作为通用航空飞行的必备情报资料，是直升机飞行的安全保障。本文拟将目视航图数字化，研发满足通用航空飞行需求的目视航图符号系统，实现基于空间信息技术的直升机应急救援目视航图计算机机助制图，直接读取航行要素，便于执行救援任务时对救援目的地地形的直观分析，选取最佳飞行路径。 为了与国际接轨，中国民航将在未来几年里从BJ54坐标过渡到使用国际民航组织规定的WGS84坐标系统。本文利用GPS (全球定位系统，，Global PositioningSystem)实测的WGS84坐标与已公布的该点的BJ54坐标，采用布尔萨七参数法，计算出转换参数，再应用到GIS (地理信息系统，Geographic Information System)软件中，进行坐标系统的转换。 由于直升机常用于应急救援，飞行目的地的位置、地形和气象情况都具有随机性，飞行任务具有突发性，因此在丘陵山地为代表的典型复杂地形区域飞行，直升机的飞行路径受限于地形和气象条件。对于地形条件复杂的区域，必须考虑直升机性能对飞行路径进行优化选择。为保证直升机在复杂地形区域的飞行安全，本文利用空间信息科学与技术，根据复杂地形的典型模型，结合指定直升机机型的飞行性能，研究不同目标函数下的直升机应急救援最佳路径算法与GIS实现。
[Abstract]:With the frequent occurrence of disasters and accidents in recent years, the more people focus on disaster relief work. It is not difficult to find that general aviation has played an irreplaceable role in emergency rescue. Compared with other emergency rescue methods, the helicopter based general aviation rescue flight has the advantages of fast, efficient and less limited by geographical space. It is the most effective and widely used emergency means in the world. The construction of China's aviation rescue system is developing rapidly under the impetus of all parties. The capability of aviation emergency rescue not only does not adapt to the situation of frequent disasters, but also to the level of social and economic development. With the gradual opening of low-altitude airspace in our country, the market potential of civilian helicopters in the future is huge. Therefore, the development of general aviation, the establishment of aviation emergency rescue system, and the optimization of helicopter rescue methods are promoted. Enhance aviation rescue and emergency services support capacity has been urgent. As the necessary information of general aviation flight, visual chart is the safety guarantee of helicopter flight. This paper plans to digitize visual chart, develop visual map symbol system to meet general aviation flight demand, realize computer aided drawing of helicopter emergency rescue visual chart based on spatial information technology, and directly read navigation elements. It is convenient to analyze the terrain of the rescue destination and choose the best flight path. In order to keep pace with the world, CAAC will transition from BJ54 coordinate system to WGS84 coordinate system stipulated by ICAO in the next few years. In this paper, using GPS (Global Positioning system, Global PositioningSystem) measured WGS84 coordinates and published BJ54 coordinates of this point, the transformation parameters are calculated by using the seven parameter method of Bursa, and then applied to GIS (Geographic Information system, Geographic Information System) software. Transform the coordinate system. Because helicopters are often used in emergency rescue, the location of the flight destination, terrain and meteorological conditions are all random, and the mission is unexpected, so they fly in the typical complex terrain area, which is represented by hilly and mountainous areas. The helicopter's flight path is limited by terrain and weather conditions. For regions with complex terrain conditions, helicopter performance must be considered to optimize the flight path. In order to ensure the flight safety of the helicopter in the area of complex terrain, this paper uses space information science and technology, according to the typical model of complex terrain, combined with the flight performance of the designated helicopter model. The optimal path algorithm and GIS implementation for helicopter emergency rescue under different objective functions are studied.
【学位授予单位】：中国民用航空飞行学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：V275.1;V328;TP391.72
本文编号：2334666
[Abstract]:With the frequent occurrence of disasters and accidents in recent years, the more people focus on disaster relief work. It is not difficult to find that general aviation has played an irreplaceable role in emergency rescue. Compared with other emergency rescue methods, the helicopter based general aviation rescue flight has the advantages of fast, efficient and less limited by geographical space. It is the most effective and widely used emergency means in the world. The construction of China's aviation rescue system is developing rapidly under the impetus of all parties. The capability of aviation emergency rescue not only does not adapt to the situation of frequent disasters, but also to the level of social and economic development. With the gradual opening of low-altitude airspace in our country, the market potential of civilian helicopters in the future is huge. Therefore, the development of general aviation, the establishment of aviation emergency rescue system, and the optimization of helicopter rescue methods are promoted. Enhance aviation rescue and emergency services support capacity has been urgent. As the necessary information of general aviation flight, visual chart is the safety guarantee of helicopter flight. This paper plans to digitize visual chart, develop visual map symbol system to meet general aviation flight demand, realize computer aided drawing of helicopter emergency rescue visual chart based on spatial information technology, and directly read navigation elements. It is convenient to analyze the terrain of the rescue destination and choose the best flight path. In order to keep pace with the world, CAAC will transition from BJ54 coordinate system to WGS84 coordinate system stipulated by ICAO in the next few years. In this paper, using GPS (Global Positioning system, Global PositioningSystem) measured WGS84 coordinates and published BJ54 coordinates of this point, the transformation parameters are calculated by using the seven parameter method of Bursa, and then applied to GIS (Geographic Information system, Geographic Information System) software. Transform the coordinate system. Because helicopters are often used in emergency rescue, the location of the flight destination, terrain and meteorological conditions are all random, and the mission is unexpected, so they fly in the typical complex terrain area, which is represented by hilly and mountainous areas. The helicopter's flight path is limited by terrain and weather conditions. For regions with complex terrain conditions, helicopter performance must be considered to optimize the flight path. In order to ensure the flight safety of the helicopter in the area of complex terrain, this paper uses space information science and technology, according to the typical model of complex terrain, combined with the flight performance of the designated helicopter model. The optimal path algorithm and GIS implementation for helicopter emergency rescue under different objective functions are studied.
【学位授予单位】：中国民用航空飞行学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：V275.1;V328;TP391.72
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