基于ZigBee无线传感器网络的井下人员定位系统研究与设计

发布时间：2018-12-13 20:11

【摘要】：我国是世界煤炭第一生产大国和第一使用大国,煤矿生产安全得不到切实保障的问题一直受到全社会的广泛关注。尽管我国大中型煤矿普遍安装了煤矿安全监控系统,但仍无法掌握井下人员可靠位置信息并实施有效监控,严重限制了事故后抢险救灾的效率,丧失了抢险救灾的最佳时机。目前煤矿企业广泛使用的RFID定位系统存在只能考勤而不能精确定位的缺陷,远远满足不了煤矿安全的要求。 ZigBee技术作为一种新兴的低功耗、低成本、抗干扰、自组织性强的短距离无线通信技术,在无线传感器网络方面的应用引起了广泛的关注。因此,文章研究并设计了一种基于ZigBee无线传感器网络的井下人员实时定位系统,该系统通过无线传感器网络对携带传感器节点的矿工进行定位,不仅实现了井下人员的考勤管理,还能对井下人员进行实时定位,有效提高了煤矿安全生产监控水平和救灾效率,切实保障员工的生命安全。文章结合煤矿井下的实际环境,对目前流行的无线传感器网络定位算法进行了充分的研究,通过综合论证,选择了基于RSSI的无线定位算法,并推导出其信号传输衰减的数学模型。提出了定位系统的总体设计方案,进行了硬件设计,开发了系统软件,结合井下环境特点,将井下定位网络分为多个定位子网络,选用簇状网络将其连接,并对系统的数据传输线路、节点布署方式、本安电路设计、井下定位子系统的组成进行了详细的论证和设计,重点设计了基于CC2430/2431的无线传感器节点。在此基础上,利用IAR EW8051软件对Z-Stack协议栈进行软件开发,实现了定位网关、参考节点、移动节点的组网和定位功能。文章最后搭建了一个小型的定位网络,在与巷道环境较为相近的楼宇走廊进行实验,通过数据拟合得到较为理想的定位参数,进行了三种不同条件下的定位实验,通过上位机定位监视软件对定位效果比较和分析,结果证明定位效果能够满足要求,验证了基于RSSI的定位方法在井下应用的合理性与可行性。
[Abstract]:China is the world's largest coal production country and the first use of large countries, coal production safety can not be effectively guaranteed by the whole society has been widely concerned about the problem. Although coal mine safety monitoring system is generally installed in large and medium-sized coal mines in China, it is still unable to grasp reliable location information of underground personnel and implement effective monitoring, which seriously limits the efficiency of rescue and relief after an accident and loses the best opportunity for rescue and relief. At present, the RFID positioning system which is widely used in coal mining enterprises has the defect that only attendance can not be accurately located, which can not meet the requirements of coal mine safety. As a new short range wireless communication technology with low power consumption, low cost, anti-interference and strong self-organization, ZigBee technology has attracted wide attention in wireless sensor networks. Therefore, this paper studies and designs a real-time location system for underground workers based on ZigBee wireless sensor network, which can locate miners carrying sensor nodes through wireless sensor network. It not only realizes the attendance management of underground personnel, but also can locate the underground personnel in real time, effectively improves the level of mine safety production monitoring and disaster relief efficiency, and effectively guarantees the life safety of employees. Combined with the actual environment of underground coal mine, this paper makes a full research on the popular wireless sensor network localization algorithm, and selects the wireless location algorithm based on RSSI through comprehensive demonstration. The mathematical model of signal attenuation is deduced. This paper puts forward the overall design scheme of the positioning system, designs the hardware, develops the system software, divides the downhole positioning network into several positioning sub-networks, and selects the cluster network to connect it. The data transmission line, node layout mode, intrinsically safe circuit design and the composition of downhole positioning subsystem are demonstrated and designed in detail, and the wireless sensor nodes based on CC2430/2431 are mainly designed. On this basis, the IAR EW8051 software is used to develop the Z-Stack protocol stack, and the networking and location functions of the location gateway, reference node and mobile node are realized. At the end of the paper, a small location network is set up, and the experiment is carried out in the building corridor which is close to the roadway environment. The ideal positioning parameters are obtained by fitting the data, and the positioning experiments under three different conditions are carried out. The results show that the positioning effect can meet the requirements, and verify the rationality and feasibility of the positioning method based on RSSI.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TD76;TN929.5;TP212.9

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