图像型火灾探测系统中消防炮定位技术的研究
发布时间：2018-12-31 11:52
【摘要】：火灾是一种具有较强突发性和破坏性的自然灾害。尤其在大空间建筑中，特殊的建筑结构与建筑用途使火灾发生的几率增大，蔓延的速度加快，危害的程度加深，预防与扑救的难度加大，使得消防任务极其艰巨。图像型火灾探测与智能消防炮定点扑救系统是一项针对大空间建筑防灭火而研发的消防利器，系统可以实时对现场进行火灾监控，对火灾进行报警并定位，同时指挥消防炮进行灭火扑救工作。 本文以前期火灾探测系统已经准确发现火灾源点为前提，重点研究了大空间建筑中火灾的图像定位技术。主要依据计算机视觉、数字图像处理、光学测量等技术原理，实现对火灾源点的空间初定位与精定位，最终得出较为精确的火灾源点在大空间建筑中的三维坐标，提供给消防炮作为灭火依据。本文定位系统的流程主要包括：在已经探测出的视频火灾图像上进行特征提取、特征匹配、空间位置的计算等过程。本文吸取靶场光电测量的高精度优点，并使之适合大空间建筑的远程测量，并增加了光轴重合的定位方法共同组成远程测量系统，在近程测量上保留了平行双目定位技术进行补充。在此基础上得到初定位数据后，指挥消防炮进行粗瞄准，，对初定位结果进行光束指示，结合已知观察信息二次对摄像机进行标定，并提取光束光斑图像与火灾源点图像进行比对。依照火源位置，对远程数据、近程数据与比对数据进行多传感器数据融合，修正火灾位置信息，给出精定位结果。实验证明，算法在大空间建筑火灾定位的应用中较好的满足了精度要求，提高了自动灭火的效率。
[Abstract]:Fire is a kind of natural disaster with strong sudden and destructive. Especially in the large space building, the special building structure and the building use increase the probability of fire, accelerate the speed of spread, deepen the degree of harm, increase the difficulty of prevention and rescue, make the task of fire fighting extremely arduous. The image fire detection and intelligent fire fighting system is a fire fighting weapon developed for large space building. The system can monitor the fire on the spot, alarm and locate the fire in real time. At the same time command the fire gun fire suppression work. Based on the premise that the fire detection system has found the fire source accurately, this paper focuses on the image location technology of fire in large space building. Based on the principles of computer vision, digital image processing and optical measurement, the initial location and precise location of the fire source are realized, and the 3D coordinates of the fire source in the large space building are obtained. Provide fire fighting gun as fire extinguishing basis. In this paper, the process of location system mainly includes: feature extraction, feature matching, spatial location calculation and so on. In this paper, the advantages of high accuracy in range photoelectric measurement are absorbed, and it is suitable for the remote measurement of large space buildings, and the optical axis coincidence positioning method is added together to form a remote measurement system. Parallel binocular positioning technique is reserved for short-range measurement. On this basis, the initial positioning data are obtained, and the fire fighting gun is directed at the initial position, the initial positioning result is indicated by the beam, and the camera is calibrated twice with the known observation information. The beam spot image is compared with the fire source image. According to the location of the fire source, the remote data, the short-range data and the comparison data are fused to the multi-sensor data, the fire location information is corrected, and the precise location results are given. Experimental results show that the algorithm can meet the requirements of accuracy and improve the efficiency of automatic fire extinguishing in large space building fire location.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU892;TP391.41
本文编号：2396534
[Abstract]:Fire is a kind of natural disaster with strong sudden and destructive. Especially in the large space building, the special building structure and the building use increase the probability of fire, accelerate the speed of spread, deepen the degree of harm, increase the difficulty of prevention and rescue, make the task of fire fighting extremely arduous. The image fire detection and intelligent fire fighting system is a fire fighting weapon developed for large space building. The system can monitor the fire on the spot, alarm and locate the fire in real time. At the same time command the fire gun fire suppression work. Based on the premise that the fire detection system has found the fire source accurately, this paper focuses on the image location technology of fire in large space building. Based on the principles of computer vision, digital image processing and optical measurement, the initial location and precise location of the fire source are realized, and the 3D coordinates of the fire source in the large space building are obtained. Provide fire fighting gun as fire extinguishing basis. In this paper, the process of location system mainly includes: feature extraction, feature matching, spatial location calculation and so on. In this paper, the advantages of high accuracy in range photoelectric measurement are absorbed, and it is suitable for the remote measurement of large space buildings, and the optical axis coincidence positioning method is added together to form a remote measurement system. Parallel binocular positioning technique is reserved for short-range measurement. On this basis, the initial positioning data are obtained, and the fire fighting gun is directed at the initial position, the initial positioning result is indicated by the beam, and the camera is calibrated twice with the known observation information. The beam spot image is compared with the fire source image. According to the location of the fire source, the remote data, the short-range data and the comparison data are fused to the multi-sensor data, the fire location information is corrected, and the precise location results are given. Experimental results show that the algorithm can meet the requirements of accuracy and improve the efficiency of automatic fire extinguishing in large space building fire location.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU892;TP391.41
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