通风环境中柴油池火的燃烧特性和蔓延规律
发布时间：2019-01-07 20:58
【摘要】：随着经济的迅猛发展,火灾危险性日益严重。由于可燃液体火灾燃烧速率快、灭火困难,一旦发生火灾,会造成严重的经济损失和大量的人员伤亡。特别是在隧道工程等狭长空间特殊的机械通风环境或油罐区复杂的自然通风条件下,可燃液体火灾的燃烧特性和蔓延规律呈现出特殊的规律性。因此,研究通风条件下柴油池火灾的发生和发展规律对预防和减少火灾事故的发生及降低事故损失有着重大的意义。本文首先搭建6m×1.5m×2m的小尺寸实验模型,以不同比例的0号柴油与水的混合物作为燃料,进行不同通风条件下单油盆和双油盆柴油池火实验,通过对火源附近温度、辐射热通量等参数的测定,采用实验和理论分析相结合的方法开展通风条件下柴油池火燃烧特性和火灾蔓延规律的研究。首先,在自然通风条件下进行0.25mx0.2mx0.05m单油盆含有100m1水垫层的100m1柴油池火的实验研究。研究表明,柴油池火的各个参数都在旺盛阶段达到最大值。水垫层内持续产生大量气泡,火焰中不断有火星溅出,柴油池火在整个旺盛阶段一直处于沸溢的状态,并伴随着多次的喷溅,温度及辐射热通量都在连续喷溅时达到了最大值。然后,在自然通风条件下,改变燃料的油水比例(2：1,1：1,2：5)分别进行实验,结果表明,可燃液体的燃烧速率随含水比例的增加而降低,火焰燃烧的强度降低,整个燃烧的发展过程放缓,喷溅频率和剧烈程度降低。进一步改变机械通风风速,分析机械通风对油池火燃烧特性的影响。结果表明,机械通风促使火焰与空气的热交换量的增加,大量的排烟排热使得火焰和热烟气层温度降低,火源表面接受到的热反馈减少,进而抑制了燃烧过程的进展,火焰更难发展至旺盛阶段,但燃烧的旺盛阶段持续的时间有所延长。最后,采用两个尺寸分别为0.25mx0.20m×0.05m和0.16mx0.08m×0.015m的油盘,在不同的油盘间距和机械通风条件下进行引燃实验。结果表明,随着机械通风风速的增大,相邻油盘被引燃的概率增加,油盘的安全防火间距增大。在火灾初起和成长阶段可以增加机械排烟的功率,依靠排烟排热作用,延缓火灾的发展：当燃烧达到旺盛阶段时,应适当降低机械排烟的功率,控制火势的蔓延。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, the danger of fire is becoming more and more serious. Because of the fast burning rate of combustible liquid fire, it is difficult to extinguish the fire. Once the fire occurs, it will cause serious economic loss and a large number of casualties. Especially in the special mechanical ventilation environment of tunnel engineering and other narrow space or the complicated natural ventilation conditions in the oil tank area, the combustion characteristics and spread law of the combustible liquid fire show special regularity. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the occurrence and development of diesel pool fires under ventilation conditions to prevent and reduce the occurrence of fire accidents and reduce the loss of accidents. In this paper, a small scale experimental model of 6m 脳 1.5m 脳 2m diesel oil was first built. The mixture of 0 # diesel oil and water was used as fuel, and different ventilation conditions were used to test the diesel oil pool fire in different ventilation conditions. The temperature near the fire source was measured. The measurement of radiation heat flux and other parameters were carried out by means of experimental and theoretical analysis to study the combustion characteristics and fire spread law of diesel fuel pool under ventilation conditions. Firstly, an experimental study on the 0.25mx0.2mx0.05m diesel oil pool fire with 100m1 water cushion in a 0.25mx0.2mx0.05m single oil basin was carried out under natural ventilation. The results show that all the parameters of diesel pool fire reach the maximum value in the exuberant stage. A large number of bubbles are continuously produced in the water cushion and sparks are constantly spattered out in the flame. The diesel pool fire has been in a boiling state in the whole exuberant stage, and accompanied by multiple spatters, the temperature and the radiant heat flux have reached the maximum value in the continuous spatter. Then, under the condition of natural ventilation, the experiments were carried out by changing the oil-water ratio of fuel (2: 1: 1: 1: 2: 5). The results showed that the combustion rate of combustible liquid decreased with the increase of water content, and the intensity of flame combustion decreased. The whole process of combustion slowed down and the spatter frequency and intensity decreased. The influence of mechanical ventilation on the combustion characteristics of oil pool fire is analyzed by changing the wind speed of mechanical ventilation. The results show that mechanical ventilation increases the amount of heat exchange between flame and air, and a large amount of exhaust heat decreases the temperature of flame and hot flue gas layer, and the heat feedback on the surface of the fire source decreases, which inhibits the progress of the combustion process. The flame is more difficult to develop to the exuberant stage, but the burning exuberant stage lasts longer. Finally, two oil trays of 0.25mx0.20m 脳 0.05m and 0.16mx0.08m 脳 0.015m were used to carry out ignition experiments under different oil disk spacing and mechanical ventilation conditions. The results show that with the increase of the wind speed of mechanical ventilation, the probability of ignition of adjacent oil plates increases, and the distance between the safety and fire prevention of oil trays increases. At the beginning and growing stage of fire, the power of mechanical smoke exhaust can be increased, and the development of fire can be delayed by the action of smoke exhaust. When the combustion reaches the exuberant stage, the power of mechanical smoke exhaust should be reduced appropriately, and the spread of fire intensity should be controlled.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X932
本文编号：2404157
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, the danger of fire is becoming more and more serious. Because of the fast burning rate of combustible liquid fire, it is difficult to extinguish the fire. Once the fire occurs, it will cause serious economic loss and a large number of casualties. Especially in the special mechanical ventilation environment of tunnel engineering and other narrow space or the complicated natural ventilation conditions in the oil tank area, the combustion characteristics and spread law of the combustible liquid fire show special regularity. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the occurrence and development of diesel pool fires under ventilation conditions to prevent and reduce the occurrence of fire accidents and reduce the loss of accidents. In this paper, a small scale experimental model of 6m 脳 1.5m 脳 2m diesel oil was first built. The mixture of 0 # diesel oil and water was used as fuel, and different ventilation conditions were used to test the diesel oil pool fire in different ventilation conditions. The temperature near the fire source was measured. The measurement of radiation heat flux and other parameters were carried out by means of experimental and theoretical analysis to study the combustion characteristics and fire spread law of diesel fuel pool under ventilation conditions. Firstly, an experimental study on the 0.25mx0.2mx0.05m diesel oil pool fire with 100m1 water cushion in a 0.25mx0.2mx0.05m single oil basin was carried out under natural ventilation. The results show that all the parameters of diesel pool fire reach the maximum value in the exuberant stage. A large number of bubbles are continuously produced in the water cushion and sparks are constantly spattered out in the flame. The diesel pool fire has been in a boiling state in the whole exuberant stage, and accompanied by multiple spatters, the temperature and the radiant heat flux have reached the maximum value in the continuous spatter. Then, under the condition of natural ventilation, the experiments were carried out by changing the oil-water ratio of fuel (2: 1: 1: 1: 2: 5). The results showed that the combustion rate of combustible liquid decreased with the increase of water content, and the intensity of flame combustion decreased. The whole process of combustion slowed down and the spatter frequency and intensity decreased. The influence of mechanical ventilation on the combustion characteristics of oil pool fire is analyzed by changing the wind speed of mechanical ventilation. The results show that mechanical ventilation increases the amount of heat exchange between flame and air, and a large amount of exhaust heat decreases the temperature of flame and hot flue gas layer, and the heat feedback on the surface of the fire source decreases, which inhibits the progress of the combustion process. The flame is more difficult to develop to the exuberant stage, but the burning exuberant stage lasts longer. Finally, two oil trays of 0.25mx0.20m 脳 0.05m and 0.16mx0.08m 脳 0.015m were used to carry out ignition experiments under different oil disk spacing and mechanical ventilation conditions. The results show that with the increase of the wind speed of mechanical ventilation, the probability of ignition of adjacent oil plates increases, and the distance between the safety and fire prevention of oil trays increases. At the beginning and growing stage of fire, the power of mechanical smoke exhaust can be increased, and the development of fire can be delayed by the action of smoke exhaust. When the combustion reaches the exuberant stage, the power of mechanical smoke exhaust should be reduced appropriately, and the spread of fire intensity should be controlled.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X932
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，本文编号：2404157
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