V2G充馈电定价机制研究

发布时间：2019-01-08 17:53

【摘要】：进入21世纪后,大范围开发利用化石能源爆发的能源危机、环境危机日趋严峻,基于传统化石能源发展的电力工业面临重大挑战,对新能源的探索已经成为能源变革领域中新兴的研究热点。电动汽车(Electric Vehicle,EV)作为一种新能源汽车,具有能源利用效率高、清洁环保等特点,是未来交通工具的主要发展方向。在转型智能交通的大趋势下,车辆入电网(Vehicle-to-Grid,V2G)系统正在成为新的研究热点。在智能电网的技术支持下,V2G可以实现电动汽车、充电站与电网之间的双向交互。随着电动汽车高速市场化推广,其充馈电行为将对电网带来的影响不容小觑。电动汽车用户不合理的充电行为将会造成电网“峰上加峰”,甚至形成新的用电高峰。而通过V2G合理控制用户充电行为,并且激励用户积极参与馈电,可有效优化电网负荷曲线,提高电网利用率和稳定性。在这样的时代背景下,本文将通过设计合理的电价机制,激励电动汽车用户积极参与V2G,合理规划其充馈电行为,减缓对电网稳定性的影响,主要包括:首先,本文基于最小二乘支持向量机(least squares support vector machine,LS-SVM)的数学方法,结合改进的蚁群算法共同作用实现对没有电动汽车接入时的电网日负荷的有效预测,得到的电网负荷曲线将作为V2G场景中的背景负荷,不仅是引导电动汽车合理规范充馈电行为的指导方向,同时更是合理制定V2G充馈电电价的基础之一。其次,本文基于充电需求迫切程度将电动汽车用户区分为弹性需求与刚性需求用户,并引入效用函数对用户满意度进行衡量;同时基于电网背景负荷曲线对电网供电代价进行量化,最终从时隙公平最大化的角度建立优化模型。在这个模型中充电电价将以动态滑窗形式实时制定并发布,用以引导EV充电行为,并与单一充电电价下EV随机充电模式进行对比,验证了V2G充电定价机制对电网负荷曲线的平滑作用。最后,在V2G充电定价机制的基础上,对单一电价下EV随机充电负荷曲线进行修正,提出一种V2G馈电定价机制,并通过Matlab进行仿真,验证了合理V2G充馈电定价机制能实现对电网负荷曲线的有效平滑,提高运营稳定性。
[Abstract]:After entering the 21st century, the energy crisis of large-scale exploitation and utilization of fossil energy, the environmental crisis is becoming more and more serious, and the electric power industry based on the development of traditional fossil energy is facing great challenges. The exploration of new energy has become a new research hotspot in the field of energy reform. Electric vehicle (Electric Vehicle,EV), as a new energy vehicle, has the characteristics of high energy efficiency, clean and environmental protection, etc. Under the trend of transforming intelligent transportation, Vehicle-to-Grid,V2G system is becoming a new research hotspot. With the support of smart grid, V2G can realize the two-way interaction between electric vehicle, charging station and power grid. With the high speed marketization of electric vehicles, the effect of charging and feeding behavior on the power grid will not be underestimated. The unreasonable charging behavior of electric vehicle users will cause the power grid to "add peak", and even form a new peak. By using V2G to reasonably control the charging behavior of users and to encourage users to actively participate in the feeders, the load curve of power network can be effectively optimized, and the utilization ratio and stability of power network can be improved. In this context, this paper will design a reasonable electricity price mechanism, encourage electric vehicle users to actively participate in V2G, reasonably plan their charging and feeding behavior, mitigate the impact on the stability of power grid, mainly include: first, Based on the mathematical method of least squares support vector machine (least squares support vector machine,LS-SVM) and combined with the improved ant colony algorithm, this paper realizes the effective forecasting of the daily load of power grid without electric vehicle access. The grid load curve will be used as the background load in the V2G scene, which is not only the guiding direction to guide the electric vehicle to regulate the charging behavior reasonably, but also one of the bases for the rational formulation of the V2G charging and feed price. Secondly, based on the urgency of charging demand, the users of electric vehicles are divided into flexible demand and rigid demand, and the utility function is introduced to measure the user satisfaction. At the same time, the cost of power supply is quantified based on the background load curve, and the optimization model is established from the angle of maximizing the fairness of time slot. In this model, the charging price will be set and published in the form of dynamic sliding window in real time to guide the charging behavior of EV, and compared with the random charging mode of EV under a single charge price. The effect of V2G charging pricing mechanism on load curve smoothing is verified. Finally, on the basis of V2G charging pricing mechanism, the random charging load curve of EV is modified under a single charge price, and a V2G feed pricing mechanism is proposed and simulated by Matlab. The reasonable V2G charging and feed pricing mechanism can effectively smooth the load curve and improve the operation stability.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U492.8;TM73

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