建筑外墙外保温系统防火技术研究
发布时间：2019-01-10 13:07
【摘要】：近年来外墙外保温系统的建筑火灾频繁发生，造成严重的财产损失和人员伤亡，究其原因是保温材料的选用不当所致。因此，提高建筑外墙外保温系统的防火性能成为建筑行业关注的热点问题，也成为迫切需要研究解决的关键所在。而外墙外保温技术以其节能环保、施工方便等优越性深受人们欢迎，因而，对外墙外保温系统防火技术的研究具有重要的现实意义和广阔的发展前景。 本文从如何选用建筑外墙外保温材料这一悬而未决的难题入手，通过对三大类常用的保温材料的优劣对比分析得知：发泡类材料的保温性能优于硬质类和软质类材料，其中以聚氨酯泡沫保温板最佳，但其防火性能较差，为此本文对其阻燃性能进行深入研究，通过阻燃剂配方的优化，以便能制得阻燃聚氨酯泡沫保温材料，并利用锥形量热仪对其燃烧性能进行实验对比分析，实验发现：与未进行阻燃的材料相比，阻燃聚氨酯泡沫保温板的引燃时间(TTI)缩短了一倍，质量损失速率(MLR)提前出现，且表面快速生成保护层，热释放速率(HRR)峰值降低至50%，发烟量减少1/2，一氧化碳生成率(COY)减少至30%，因而，延缓了燃烧，推迟了轰燃的出现，从而研究证明阻燃聚氨酯泡沫保温板的抑烟性好，毒副性小，燃烧性能大大提高。 为了优化建筑外墙外保温系统构造做法，使系统具有更好的抗火能力，本文还基于大尺寸模型窗口火试验，通过对聚苯板薄抹灰外保温系统和贴砌聚苯板外保温系统进行对比试验，得出：常用的聚苯板薄抹灰外保温系统，由于未采用保护层和特殊构造处理，基本不具备阻止火焰蔓延的能力，在试验开始不足7min便出现了轰然；而贴砌聚苯板外保温系统，采用了10mm厚的保护层、600mm×450mm的分仓构造和无空腔构造做法，受火后13min达到燃烧峰值，有效的阻止火焰的蔓延。抗火性能显著优于聚苯板薄抹灰外保温系统，说明建筑外墙外保温系统当采用一定厚度的保护层、适当尺寸的分仓构造和无空腔构造做法后，可以使外墙外保温系统具有更好的抗火性能。 本文通过结合工程实例分析，也验证了上述结论的正确，充分表明采用经过优化后的建筑外墙外保温系统，节能性和防火性更加优越。该研究结果为今后建筑外墙外保温系统的防火技术研究及实际工程应用提供了一定的理论依据和参考价值。
[Abstract]:In recent years, building fires of external insulation system of external wall occur frequently, resulting in serious property losses and casualties, which is caused by improper selection of insulation materials. Therefore, improving the fire resistance of the exterior insulation system becomes a hot issue in the construction industry, and it also becomes the key to be solved urgently. Because of its advantages such as energy saving, environmental protection and easy construction, the research on fire prevention technology of external insulation system of external wall has important practical significance and broad development prospect. This paper starts with the unresolved problem of how to select the external insulation material of building exterior wall, and through comparing and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the three kinds of commonly used insulation materials, it is concluded that the thermal insulation performance of foamed materials is superior to that of hard and soft materials, and that the thermal insulation properties of foaming materials are better than those of hard and soft materials. The polyurethane foam insulation board is the best, but its fire resistance is poor. Therefore, the flame retardant property of polyurethane foam is studied in this paper, and the flame retardant formulation is optimized to make the flame retardant polyurethane foam insulation material. The experimental results show that the ignition time (TTI) of the flame retardant polyurethane foam insulation board is twice shorter than that of the non-flame retardant material, and the combustion performance of the flame retardant polyurethane foam insulation board is compared with that of the non-flame retardant material by a cone calorimeter. The mass loss rate (MLR) appeared earlier, and the surface formed a protective layer quickly. The peak value of heat release rate (HRR) was reduced to 50%, the amount of smoke was reduced by 1 / 2 / 2, and the carbon monoxide formation rate (COY) was reduced to 30%. Thus, the combustion was delayed. It was proved that the flame retardant polyurethane foam insulation board had good smoke suppression, little toxicity and greatly improved combustion performance. In order to optimize the construction method of exterior insulation system of building exterior wall and make the system have better fire resistance, this paper also based on the large scale model window fire test. By comparing the external thermal insulation system of polystyrene plastering with that of polystyrene plastering, it is concluded that the usual external insulation system for polystyrene plastering is not treated by protective layer and special structure. Not having the ability to prevent flame spreading basically, when the experiment began to be short of 7min, there was a bang; In the external insulation system of polystyrene plate, the thick protective layer of 10mm, the structure of 600mm 脳 450mm and the structure of no cavity were adopted. The 13min reached the peak value of combustion after fire, which effectively prevented the spread of flame. The fire resistance is obviously superior to that of the external insulation system of polystyrene plastering. It shows that when a certain thickness of protective layer, proper size of the silo structure and no cavity structure are adopted in the external insulation system of the external wall of the building, It can make the exterior wall insulation system have better fire resistance. Through the analysis of engineering examples, this paper also verifies the correctness of the above conclusions, and fully shows that the energy saving and fire resistance of the optimized exterior wall thermal insulation system are more superior. The results provide a theoretical basis and reference value for the future study of fire prevention technology and practical engineering application of external insulation system of external wall of building.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU111.41;TU892
[Abstract]:In recent years, building fires of external insulation system of external wall occur frequently, resulting in serious property losses and casualties, which is caused by improper selection of insulation materials. Therefore, improving the fire resistance of the exterior insulation system becomes a hot issue in the construction industry, and it also becomes the key to be solved urgently. Because of its advantages such as energy saving, environmental protection and easy construction, the research on fire prevention technology of external insulation system of external wall has important practical significance and broad development prospect. This paper starts with the unresolved problem of how to select the external insulation material of building exterior wall, and through comparing and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the three kinds of commonly used insulation materials, it is concluded that the thermal insulation performance of foamed materials is superior to that of hard and soft materials, and that the thermal insulation properties of foaming materials are better than those of hard and soft materials. The polyurethane foam insulation board is the best, but its fire resistance is poor. Therefore, the flame retardant property of polyurethane foam is studied in this paper, and the flame retardant formulation is optimized to make the flame retardant polyurethane foam insulation material. The experimental results show that the ignition time (TTI) of the flame retardant polyurethane foam insulation board is twice shorter than that of the non-flame retardant material, and the combustion performance of the flame retardant polyurethane foam insulation board is compared with that of the non-flame retardant material by a cone calorimeter. The mass loss rate (MLR) appeared earlier, and the surface formed a protective layer quickly. The peak value of heat release rate (HRR) was reduced to 50%, the amount of smoke was reduced by 1 / 2 / 2, and the carbon monoxide formation rate (COY) was reduced to 30%. Thus, the combustion was delayed. It was proved that the flame retardant polyurethane foam insulation board had good smoke suppression, little toxicity and greatly improved combustion performance. In order to optimize the construction method of exterior insulation system of building exterior wall and make the system have better fire resistance, this paper also based on the large scale model window fire test. By comparing the external thermal insulation system of polystyrene plastering with that of polystyrene plastering, it is concluded that the usual external insulation system for polystyrene plastering is not treated by protective layer and special structure. Not having the ability to prevent flame spreading basically, when the experiment began to be short of 7min, there was a bang; In the external insulation system of polystyrene plate, the thick protective layer of 10mm, the structure of 600mm 脳 450mm and the structure of no cavity were adopted. The 13min reached the peak value of combustion after fire, which effectively prevented the spread of flame. The fire resistance is obviously superior to that of the external insulation system of polystyrene plastering. It shows that when a certain thickness of protective layer, proper size of the silo structure and no cavity structure are adopted in the external insulation system of the external wall of the building, It can make the exterior wall insulation system have better fire resistance. Through the analysis of engineering examples, this paper also verifies the correctness of the above conclusions, and fully shows that the energy saving and fire resistance of the optimized exterior wall thermal insulation system are more superior. The results provide a theoretical basis and reference value for the future study of fire prevention technology and practical engineering application of external insulation system of external wall of building.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU111.41;TU892
【参考文献】
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