双层动车组火灾烟气特性及安全疏散策略研究
发布时间：2019-01-30 16:45
【摘要】：双层动车组的发展虽然有效地缓解了高速铁路客流压力,降低了人均能耗,但是由于其结构更复杂、定员量更大,一旦发生火灾,将为乘客的逃生及火灾的救援工作带来更大的挑战。因此,双层动车组列车火灾的烟气特性研究具有非常重要的意义。本文采用理论分析、实验研究以及数值模拟相结合的方法对某双层动车组新车型典型位置的火灾进行了多种工况的数值计算,研究了四种典型位置火灾的烟气蔓延规律及安全疏散环境。论文首先通过对烟气羽流的理论分析,结合双层动车组列车与普通高速列车的结构差异,确定双层动车组火灾烟气羽流特性;然后,通过对国内外列车火灾的调研及危险性计算,分析列车火灾主要起火原因,确定了四种双层动车组典型位置火灾工况。运用数值模拟方法建立双层动车组火灾计算模型,并对不同着火位置的火灾进行计算,分析烟气蔓延主要特征参数的分布情况,得到双层动车组火灾的烟气流动特性;最后,基于火灾条件下人员危险性判定标准,对列车火灾的三种控制参数进行无量纲化,综合分析各火灾工况下着火车厢内各区域的安全疏散环境。得出各种工况下的可用安全疏散时间及决定人员逃生安全性的控制参数,并针对各火灾工况提出了具体疏散策略。研究结果表明:本文对双层动车组火灾的烟气特性以及安全疏散策略的研究结果,为双层动车组火灾安全设计及人员安全疏散提供参考。
[Abstract]:Although the development of double-deck EMU has effectively alleviated the pressure of passenger flow on high-speed railway and reduced the energy consumption per capita, but because of its more complex structure and larger fixed capacity, once a fire occurs, Will bring more challenges for passengers to escape and fire rescue work. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the smoke characteristics of double-deck EMU train fire. In this paper, the method of theoretical analysis, experimental study and numerical simulation is used to numerically calculate the fire in a typical position of a new type of double-deck EMU. The smoke spread law and safe evacuation environment of fire in four typical locations were studied. Firstly, through the theoretical analysis of flue gas plume, combined with the structural difference between double-deck EMU train and ordinary high-speed train, the characteristics of smoke plume of double-deck EMU fire are determined. Then, through the investigation of train fire at home and abroad and the risk calculation, the main causes of train fire are analyzed, and the fire conditions of four typical locations of double-deck EMU are determined. The numerical simulation method is used to establish the fire calculation model of double-deck EMU, and to calculate the fire at different fire locations, and to analyze the distribution of the main characteristic parameters of smoke spread, and to obtain the smoke flow characteristics of double-deck EMU fire. Finally, based on the criteria of personnel risk determination under fire conditions, the three control parameters of train fire are dimensionless, and the safety evacuation environment of each area in the fire compartment under various fire conditions is comprehensively analyzed. The available evacuation time under various conditions and the control parameters that determine the safety of personnel escape are obtained, and specific evacuation strategies are put forward for each fire condition. The results show that the results of the study on smoke characteristics and safety evacuation strategy of double-deck EMU fire provide a reference for fire safety design and safety evacuation of double-deck EMU fire.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U298.4
[Abstract]:Although the development of double-deck EMU has effectively alleviated the pressure of passenger flow on high-speed railway and reduced the energy consumption per capita, but because of its more complex structure and larger fixed capacity, once a fire occurs, Will bring more challenges for passengers to escape and fire rescue work. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the smoke characteristics of double-deck EMU train fire. In this paper, the method of theoretical analysis, experimental study and numerical simulation is used to numerically calculate the fire in a typical position of a new type of double-deck EMU. The smoke spread law and safe evacuation environment of fire in four typical locations were studied. Firstly, through the theoretical analysis of flue gas plume, combined with the structural difference between double-deck EMU train and ordinary high-speed train, the characteristics of smoke plume of double-deck EMU fire are determined. Then, through the investigation of train fire at home and abroad and the risk calculation, the main causes of train fire are analyzed, and the fire conditions of four typical locations of double-deck EMU are determined. The numerical simulation method is used to establish the fire calculation model of double-deck EMU, and to calculate the fire at different fire locations, and to analyze the distribution of the main characteristic parameters of smoke spread, and to obtain the smoke flow characteristics of double-deck EMU fire. Finally, based on the criteria of personnel risk determination under fire conditions, the three control parameters of train fire are dimensionless, and the safety evacuation environment of each area in the fire compartment under various fire conditions is comprehensively analyzed. The available evacuation time under various conditions and the control parameters that determine the safety of personnel escape are obtained, and specific evacuation strategies are put forward for each fire condition. The results show that the results of the study on smoke characteristics and safety evacuation strategy of double-deck EMU fire provide a reference for fire safety design and safety evacuation of double-deck EMU fire.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U298.4
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