基于物联网的公路边坡危岩体监控预警系统研究

发布时间：2019-02-15 22:02

【摘要】：我国是一个地质灾害多发的国家，尤其是在西部地区，地质环境十分复杂。随着地质环境的异常变化，西部地区成为地质灾害频发的区域，而滑坡、崩塌、泥石流是其中最典型也最严重的三种灾害类型。随着国家公路建设的快速发展，山区道路工程的建设规模快速增长，公路地质灾害问题也日益增多，尤其是公路边坡危岩体失稳造成的崩塌灾害给道路交通安全造成了极大的破坏。每年都会发生许多因公路边坡危岩体崩塌而造成严重的生命财产安全事故，由此可见公路边坡危岩体崩塌灾害具有分布范围广、突发性强等特点。为了减少甚至避免危岩体对道路安全造成的不良影响，需要研究出科学有效的方法对公路边坡危岩体进行灾害监控和预警。为此，公路边坡危岩体监控预警技术引起了众多科研工作者的广泛关注，并开展了一系列的研究与实验工作。本文依托交通运输部西部交通科技项目开展科学研究。本文阐述了物联网技术的基本概念和关键技术，在已有危岩体基本理论和监控预警技术的研究基础上，探索将物联网技术应用于危岩监控，结合公路边坡危岩体崩塌灾害的产生机制与特征，建立了一个基于物联网的公路边坡危岩体监控预警系统，主要取得了以下进展： 1）论文对物联网技术的理论和核心技术进行了分析，包括：物联网技术的基本概念、关键技术、特点和功能，物联网技术的研究现状、应用领域、发展趋势及其应用于危岩监控的可能性。 2）论文阐述了公路边坡危岩体的成灾机制与崩塌灾害的监控预警技术，通过研究危岩体崩塌地质灾害的形成条件与影响因素，介绍并分析了现有危岩体监测方法的技术特征，作为物联网危岩监控技术的参考对比。 3）在物联网相关理论的研究基础上，以RFID技术与GPRS技术为核心，建立了基于物联网的公路边坡危岩体监控预警系统。该系统结构是由RFID模块、GPRS模块、接收预报模块、分析评价模块几个功能模块组成，系统在及时获取灾害信息同时，，还能满足系统使用者对危岩信息准确评价与有效处理的要求。 4）通过室内模拟试验，验证了物联网技术应用于公路地质灾害监控预警领域是可行的，为该系统的正式开发和投入运行提供了有效的探索与试验数据支持。
[Abstract]:China is a country prone to geological disasters, especially in the western region, the geological environment is very complex. With the abnormal change of geological environment, the western region becomes the region with frequent geological disasters, and landslide, collapse and debris flow are the most typical and serious three types of disasters. With the rapid development of the national highway construction, the construction scale of the mountain road project is increasing rapidly, and the highway geological hazard problem is also increasing day by day. Especially the collapse disaster caused by unstable rock mass on highway slope caused great damage to road traffic safety. There are many serious accidents of life and property safety caused by the collapse of dangerous rock mass on highway slope every year. It can be seen that the collapse disaster of dangerous rock mass of highway slope has the characteristics of wide distribution range and strong sudden occurrence and so on. In order to reduce or even avoid the adverse impact of dangerous rock mass on road safety, it is necessary to develop a scientific and effective method to monitor and early warning the hazard of dangerous rock mass on highway slope. For this reason, the monitoring and warning technology of highway slope dangerous rock mass has attracted extensive attention of many researchers, and a series of research and experimental work have been carried out. This article relies on the Ministry of Transport west transportation science and technology project to carry out scientific research. In this paper, the basic concepts and key technologies of Internet of things (IOT) technology are described. On the basis of the existing basic theory of dangerous rock mass and the research of monitoring and warning technology, the application of IOT technology to dangerous rock monitoring is explored. Based on the mechanism and characteristics of dangerous rock mass collapse on highway slope, a monitoring and warning system for dangerous rock mass of highway slope based on Internet of things is established. The main achievements are as follows: 1) the paper analyzes the theory and core technology of Internet of things, including: the basic concept of Internet of things, key technology, characteristics and functions, the research status of Internet of things technology, application field, The trend of development and the possibility of its application in monitoring dangerous rock. 2) this paper expounds the mechanism of formation of dangerous rock mass on highway slope and the monitoring and warning technology of collapse disaster. By studying the forming conditions and influencing factors of geological disaster of dangerous rock mass collapse, the technical characteristics of existing monitoring methods of dangerous rock mass are introduced and analyzed. As a reference comparison of the monitoring technology of internet of things dangerous rock. 3) based on the related theory of Internet of things, based on RFID and GPRS technology, the monitoring and warning system of highway slope dangerous rock mass is established. The system structure is composed of RFID module, GPRS module, receiving and forecasting module, analysis and evaluation module. It can also meet the requirements of system users for accurate evaluation and effective processing of dangerous rock information. 4) the application of Internet of things technology in highway geological hazard monitoring and warning field is proved to be feasible through indoor simulation test, which provides effective exploration and test data support for the formal development and operation of the system.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：U492.8;TP391.44;TN929.5

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