基于显微共焦拉曼谱的原油指纹特征研究

发布时间：2019-03-07 09:02

【摘要】：随着全球经济的迅速发展和人口的激增,各国对石油的需求不断增长,随之而来的是海洋石油产品污染的日趋严重,海上溢油已成为当今海洋污染的主要原因之一。溢油鉴别是目前调查处理溢油事故的重要取证手段,油指纹鉴别是其主要的应用技术,通过分析比较可疑溢油源和溢油样品的各类油指纹信息,为溢油事故的调查和处理提供重要的科学依据。因此,人们一直没有停止过对溢油鉴别方法的探索、研究,从而发展简单易行的溢油鉴别流程、分析方法等,并使它的操作性更强,是溢油鉴别领域所迫切希望的。本课题的研究将为有关执法部门进行溢油事故的裁决提供科学依据及技术上的辅助支持,也使得拉曼光谱技术在当代工业生产和科学研究中得到越来越广泛的应用。本论文尝试用显微共焦拉曼光谱法检测几种重质原油的光谱,比起常规的原油鉴别方法,拉曼光谱技术有其独特的特点。它的样品无需制备,对样品无接触、无损伤；能适合黑色与含水样品,并且光谱成像快速、简便、分辨率高。由于海水的拉曼信号很弱,不会对原油的拉曼光谱产生影响。所以,通过模拟原油的风化实验,对不同风化时间的原油进行拉曼光谱测定,研究其被海水凤化后的拉曼特性的保持与变化,为溢油鉴别提供依据。然而所选取的五种不同产地的原油均为黑色粘稠液体,测定时有很强的荧光干扰,一定程度上掩盖了原油的拉曼信号导致各种原油的拉曼特征峰差异很小,因此简单通过谱图对比法很难将他们区分开来。因此通过结合距离分析、聚类分析和贝叶斯判别分析等方法,能对未风化的和不同风化时间的不同原油进行快速准确的分类。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the global economy and the rapid growth of the population, the demand for oil in various countries is increasing, followed by the increasingly serious pollution of marine petroleum products. Oil spill at sea has become one of the main causes of marine pollution. Oil spill identification is an important forensic method to investigate and deal with oil spill accidents, and oil fingerprint identification is the main application technology. By analyzing and comparing various kinds of oil fingerprint information of suspicious oil spill sources and oil spill samples, It provides an important scientific basis for the investigation and treatment of oil spill accidents. Therefore, people have not stopped the exploration and research of oil spill identification method, so as to develop simple oil spill identification process, analysis method and so on, and make it more operational, which is the urgent hope in oil spill identification field. The research of this subject will provide scientific basis and technical support for the ruling of oil spill accident by relevant law enforcement departments, and also make Raman spectroscopy technology more and more widely used in contemporary industrial production and scientific research. In this paper, microconfocal Raman spectroscopy is used to detect the spectra of several heavy crude oils. Compared with the conventional methods of crude oil identification, Raman spectroscopy has its unique characteristics. It has no need of preparation, no contact, no damage to the sample, suitable for black and water-bearing samples, and fast, simple and high resolution spectral imaging. Because the Raman signal of seawater is very weak, the Raman spectra of crude oil will not be affected. Therefore, through the weathering experiment of simulated crude oil, the crude oil with different weathering time was determined by Raman spectroscopy, and the retention and change of its Raman characteristic after being molded by sea water were studied, which provided the basis for oil spill identification. However, the crude oil selected from five different places of origin is black viscous liquid, and there is strong fluorescence interference in the determination. To a certain extent, the Raman signal of crude oil leads to little difference in Raman characteristic peak of various crude oil. Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish them from each other simply by spectral comparison. Therefore, by combining distance analysis, cluster analysis and Bayesian discriminant analysis, we can quickly and accurately classify unweathered crude oil with different weathering time.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X55;U698.7

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