采空区瓦斯与煤自燃复合灾害防治机理与技术研究
发布时间：2019-03-12 10:00
【摘要】：随着煤矿开采深度的增加,瓦斯涌出量增大,瓦斯灾害日趋严重；同时地应力增加,煤岩破碎量增大,地温升高,煤自燃灾害也越发凸显。两种灾害共生的复合型灾害已成为煤矿重特大事故的普遍模式。因此,研究采空区瓦斯与煤自燃复合灾害的防治机理及技术具有十分重要的意义。 瓦斯与煤自燃复合灾害特点的普遍共识是相互影响、相互制约,但现场实施时,要二者兼顾,易顾此失彼。因此,须依据瓦斯与煤自燃两种灾害的特点以及各种灾害的防治方法,研究耦合影响的关键因素,确定防治机理与方法。由于瓦斯和煤自燃灾害防治方法的多样性,相关研究仅针对某个实例进行分析研究,没有建立适合瓦斯与煤自燃复合灾害的预测、预报以及治理的综合防治技术。 本文从两种灾害的特性和防治方法着手,认为采空区瓦斯与煤自燃复合灾害的防治焦点在于控制采空区煤自燃,杜绝瓦斯爆炸的引火源,但防治重点是瓦斯。以自燃带分布为耦合影响关键因素,在防治瓦斯的基础上研究与防治煤自燃的相互作用和相互影响。瓦斯方面,依据开采条件和瓦斯涌出量预测,合理确定风量、通风形式和推进速度,优选抽采方法,高效治理瓦斯；煤自燃方面,通过实验确定煤自燃特性,在防治瓦斯的基础上从控氧和控时间两个方面制定防火方法。并由此确立了以预测、预报为主的复合灾害防治方法。 复合灾害预测方面,依据现场实测建立CFD模型,进行数值模拟预测研究,从通风、抽采和防火三个方面分别模拟分析了不同风量和通风形式,各种大流量抽采方法,如尾抽、高抽巷、地面钻井、高位钻孔和埋管抽采,以及惰化防火对采空区自燃“三带”分布的影响,从而确定防治自燃发火的最低推进速度,并依此优化通风与瓦斯抽采方法,完善防火措施。 复合灾害预报方面,通过实验获取指标气体和临界温度作为分析判定煤体自燃程度的依据,由束管监测的氧浓度分布对数值模拟模型参数进行修正。 基于复合灾害防治方法,试验研究了高瓦斯易自燃煤层惰化防火、高瓦斯强抽采工作面防火和高瓦斯易自燃工作面超大火区均压灭火,验证了复合灾害防治效果,建立了适合瓦斯与煤自燃复合灾害的预测、预报和治理的综合防治技术。
[Abstract]:With the increase of coal mining depth, the amount of gas emission increases and the gas disaster becomes more and more serious. At the same time, with the increase of in-situ stress, the amount of coal-rock fragmentation increases, the ground temperature increases, and the coal spontaneous combustion disaster becomes more and more prominent. The compound disasters of two kinds of disasters symbiosis have become the common mode of serious and serious accidents in coal mines. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the prevention and control mechanism and technology of gas and coal spontaneous combustion in goaf. The common consensus of compound disasters of gas and coal spontaneous combustion is mutual influence and mutual restriction, but it is easy to lose one or the other when they are put into practice on the spot. Therefore, according to the characteristics of gas and coal spontaneous combustion disasters and the prevention and cure methods of various disasters, the key factors of coupling influence should be studied, and the prevention mechanism and method should be determined. Because of the diversity of prevention and cure methods of gas and coal spontaneous combustion, the related research only carries on the analysis research to a certain example, and has not set up the comprehensive prevention and control technology suitable for the gas and coal spontaneous combustion compound disaster prediction, forecast and control. Starting from the characteristics and prevention methods of two kinds of disasters, this paper points out that the focus of prevention and control of combined disasters of gas and coal spontaneous combustion in goaf is to control coal spontaneous combustion in goaf and put an end to the ignition source of gas explosion, but the key point of prevention and control is gas. Taking the distribution of spontaneous combustion zone as the key factor of coupling influence, the interaction and mutual influence of coal spontaneous combustion are studied on the basis of preventing and controlling gas. In the aspect of gas, according to mining conditions and prediction of gas emission, reasonable determination of air volume, ventilation form and propulsion speed, optimization of extraction methods and efficient control of gas; In the aspect of coal spontaneous combustion, the characteristics of coal spontaneous combustion are determined by experiments. On the basis of preventing and controlling gas, the fire prevention methods are worked out from two aspects: oxygen control and time control. Based on this, a composite disaster prevention and control method based on prediction and prediction is established. In the aspect of compound disaster prediction, the CFD model is established according to the field measurement, and the numerical simulation prediction research is carried out. The different air volume and ventilation forms, various large flow pumping methods, such as tail pumping, are simulated and analyzed from three aspects: ventilation, pumping and fire prevention. The influence of high pumping roadway, surface drilling, high position drilling and buried pipe pumping, as well as inerting fire prevention on the distribution of "three zones" of spontaneous combustion in goaf, thus determining the minimum propulsion speed of preventing spontaneous combustion, and optimizing the ventilation and gas extraction methods accordingly. Improve fire prevention measures. In the aspect of compound disaster prediction, the index gas and critical temperature are obtained by experiment as the basis for analyzing and judging the degree of spontaneous combustion of coal, and the parameters of the numerical simulation model are modified by the oxygen concentration distribution monitored by beam tube. Based on the method of compound disaster prevention, the fire prevention of inerting coal seam with high gas and easy spontaneous combustion, the fire prevention of high gas strong drainage face and the uniform pressure fire extinguishing in super large fire area of high gas easy spontaneous combustion face have been studied experimentally, and the effect of compound disaster prevention has been verified. The comprehensive prevention and control techniques suitable for the prediction, prediction and control of gas and coal spontaneous combustion are established.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TD752.2
本文编号：2438681
[Abstract]:With the increase of coal mining depth, the amount of gas emission increases and the gas disaster becomes more and more serious. At the same time, with the increase of in-situ stress, the amount of coal-rock fragmentation increases, the ground temperature increases, and the coal spontaneous combustion disaster becomes more and more prominent. The compound disasters of two kinds of disasters symbiosis have become the common mode of serious and serious accidents in coal mines. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the prevention and control mechanism and technology of gas and coal spontaneous combustion in goaf. The common consensus of compound disasters of gas and coal spontaneous combustion is mutual influence and mutual restriction, but it is easy to lose one or the other when they are put into practice on the spot. Therefore, according to the characteristics of gas and coal spontaneous combustion disasters and the prevention and cure methods of various disasters, the key factors of coupling influence should be studied, and the prevention mechanism and method should be determined. Because of the diversity of prevention and cure methods of gas and coal spontaneous combustion, the related research only carries on the analysis research to a certain example, and has not set up the comprehensive prevention and control technology suitable for the gas and coal spontaneous combustion compound disaster prediction, forecast and control. Starting from the characteristics and prevention methods of two kinds of disasters, this paper points out that the focus of prevention and control of combined disasters of gas and coal spontaneous combustion in goaf is to control coal spontaneous combustion in goaf and put an end to the ignition source of gas explosion, but the key point of prevention and control is gas. Taking the distribution of spontaneous combustion zone as the key factor of coupling influence, the interaction and mutual influence of coal spontaneous combustion are studied on the basis of preventing and controlling gas. In the aspect of gas, according to mining conditions and prediction of gas emission, reasonable determination of air volume, ventilation form and propulsion speed, optimization of extraction methods and efficient control of gas; In the aspect of coal spontaneous combustion, the characteristics of coal spontaneous combustion are determined by experiments. On the basis of preventing and controlling gas, the fire prevention methods are worked out from two aspects: oxygen control and time control. Based on this, a composite disaster prevention and control method based on prediction and prediction is established. In the aspect of compound disaster prediction, the CFD model is established according to the field measurement, and the numerical simulation prediction research is carried out. The different air volume and ventilation forms, various large flow pumping methods, such as tail pumping, are simulated and analyzed from three aspects: ventilation, pumping and fire prevention. The influence of high pumping roadway, surface drilling, high position drilling and buried pipe pumping, as well as inerting fire prevention on the distribution of "three zones" of spontaneous combustion in goaf, thus determining the minimum propulsion speed of preventing spontaneous combustion, and optimizing the ventilation and gas extraction methods accordingly. Improve fire prevention measures. In the aspect of compound disaster prediction, the index gas and critical temperature are obtained by experiment as the basis for analyzing and judging the degree of spontaneous combustion of coal, and the parameters of the numerical simulation model are modified by the oxygen concentration distribution monitored by beam tube. Based on the method of compound disaster prevention, the fire prevention of inerting coal seam with high gas and easy spontaneous combustion, the fire prevention of high gas strong drainage face and the uniform pressure fire extinguishing in super large fire area of high gas easy spontaneous combustion face have been studied experimentally, and the effect of compound disaster prevention has been verified. The comprehensive prevention and control techniques suitable for the prediction, prediction and control of gas and coal spontaneous combustion are established.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TD752.2
【参考文献】
相关博士学位论文 前2条
1 车强;采空区气体三维多场耦合规律研究[D];中国矿业大学（北京）;2010年
2 何敏;煤矿井下封闭火区的燃烧状态与气体分析研究[D];中国矿业大学（北京）;2013年
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