事故致因理论在化工企业安全评价中的应用研究

发布时间：2019-04-04 08:58

【摘要】：本文针对化工企业事故频发的现状,研究和应用多种定性定量评价方法,对其进行安全评价,分析计算导致事故发生的危险有害因素,确认系统发生危险的严重程度及危害等级,提出必要的安全防治措施,实现了事故预防、提前控制的目的。首先通过对安全评价的研究,运用系统安全工程的理论对化工企业发生的重大而典型事故进行分类统计,并从人员、机器设备、环境和管理几方面进行了系统安全性分析,并进一步总结了化工企业危险有害因素的种类和辨识对象。分析总结国内外对安全评价技术的研究和运用,根据现代事故致因理论,对化工企业安全评价的多种方法进行总结与分析,比较其优劣。通过选择与系统各单元最相适应的评价方法,尤其针对事故危险性大、发生频率高的因素,确定其危险特性与伤害,提出控制措施,最终建立安全评价模式。从而达到全面、具体、合理地进行安全评价工作,补充国内现今评价工作的不足。针对化工企业的特点及其危险性,运用多种评价方法对其危险有害因素进行定性和定量分析,确定其直接因素和潜在因素,尤其是辨识重大危险源。针对所提出的方法学基础,以及安全评价模式,以燕京啤酒有限公司进行的一次技术改造为例进行安全评价。理论联系实际,评价方法可靠、结果真实,防治措施合理,对该企业的安全生产有一定促进作用。对化工企业综合运用安全评价方法是极其重要的,通过多种安全评价方法的使用,可以有效的辨识系统中可能的直接因素与潜在因素,确定其危险程度及等级,最终提出相应的防治措施,从而预防事故的发生。针对建筑场地、布置和工艺设备等方面,提高技术,加强安全管理,加强人员培训和宣传教育,最终实现化工企业的安全生产。
[Abstract]:In view of the present situation of frequent accidents in chemical enterprises, this paper studies and applies a variety of qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods to evaluate the safety of chemical enterprises, and analyzes and calculates the dangerous and harmful factors that lead to the occurrence of accidents. In order to realize the purpose of accident prevention and control in advance, this paper confirms the severity and grade of danger in the system, and puts forward the necessary measures of safety prevention. First of all, through the study of safety evaluation, this paper uses the theory of system safety engineering to classify and statistics the major and typical accidents in chemical enterprises, and analyzes the system safety from the aspects of personnel, machinery and equipment, environment and management, and makes a systematic safety analysis from the aspects of personnel, machinery and equipment, environment and management. Furthermore, the types and identification objects of hazardous factors in chemical enterprises are summarized. This paper summarizes the research and application of safety assessment technology at home and abroad. According to the modern accident cause theory, it summarizes and analyzes various methods of safety assessment in chemical enterprises, and compares its advantages and disadvantages. By selecting the most suitable evaluation method for each unit of the system, especially in view of the factors of high accident risk and high frequency of occurrence, the hazard characteristics and injuries are determined, and the control measures are put forward. Finally, the safety assessment mode is established. In order to achieve a comprehensive, specific, reasonable safety evaluation work, supplement the current domestic evaluation work deficiencies. In view of the characteristics and risks of chemical enterprises, qualitative and quantitative analysis of the dangerous and harmful factors are carried out by using a variety of evaluation methods to determine the direct and potential factors, especially the identification of the major hazard sources. In view of the proposed methodological basis and safety assessment model, the safety evaluation is carried out by taking a technical transformation carried out by Yanjing Beer Co., Ltd as an example. Combining theory with practice, the evaluation method is reliable, the result is true, and the prevention and cure measures are reasonable, which can promote the safe production of the enterprise to a certain extent. It is very important for chemical enterprises to use comprehensive safety assessment methods. Through the use of multiple safety assessment methods, the possible direct factors and potential factors in the system can be effectively identified, and the hazard degree and grade can be determined. Finally, the corresponding prevention measures are put forward to prevent the occurrence of accidents. To improve the technology, strengthen the safety management, strengthen the personnel training and propaganda and education, and finally realize the safety production of the chemical enterprises, aiming at the construction site, arrangement and craft equipment etc.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X913;X937

【参考文献】