事故致因“2-4”模型及其事故原因因素编码研究

发布时间：2019-04-18 19:25

【摘要】：事故致因模型是用于事故原因分析和预防的重要理论依据,模型的可操作性是决定事故预防效果的重要影响因素。对目前国内研究较为持续和系统的事故致因"2-4"模型进行了深入研究,以增强其在事故分析时的可操作性。首先,研究了事故致因"2-4"模型中组织内、外部原因的各个阶段原因因素的划分情况;其次,根据得到的各阶段原因因素划分结果,对应用事故致因"2-4"模型分析事故原因的因素进行了编码;最后,以一起重大瓦斯爆炸事故为例,对事故致因"2-4"模型原因因素编码系统的有效性进行了实证研究。划分了事故致因"2-4"模型中的各原因模块中的原因因素,并得到了不安全动作和物态、习惯性不安全行为、安全管理体系、安全文化、外部因素等5个层级原因,确定了基于事故致因"2-4"模型的30个原因因素。对事故原因因素进行系统编码,提高了应用事故致因"2-4"模型进行事故原因分析和事故预防的可操作性,增强了其应用实践性。
[Abstract]:Accident cause model is an important theoretical basis for accident cause analysis and prevention. The maneuverability of the model is an important factor to determine the effect of accident prevention. In order to enhance the maneuverability of accident analysis, the "2? 4" model, which has been studied continuously and systematically in our country, is studied deeply in order to improve the maneuverability of "2? 4" model in the analysis of accidents. First of all, this paper studies the division of the cause factors in each stage of the organization and external causes in the "2-4" model of accident-induced factors. Secondly, according to the classification results of the cause factors of each stage, the factors of applying the "2-4" model to analyze the cause of the accident are coded. Finally, taking a major gas explosion as an example, an empirical study is made on the effectiveness of the coding system for the cause factors of the "2-4" model. The causes of accidents are divided into five levels: unsafe action and physical state, habitual unsafe behavior, safety management system, safety culture, external factors and so on, and the cause factors are divided into five levels: unsafe action and material state, habitual unsafe behavior, safety management system, safety culture, external factors, and so on. 30 factors based on "2? 4" model of accident cause were determined. The systematic coding of accident cause factors improves the maneuverability of accident cause analysis and accident prevention using the "2 ~ 4" model, and enhances its application practice.
【作者单位】：中国矿业大学(北京)资源与安全工程学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(51534008)
【分类号】：X928

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