检相式超声波风速变送器设计

发布时间：2019-05-10 04:56

【摘要】：我国能源目前仍以煤资源为主，而且随着经济社会的发展，煤炭资源需求量有增无减，煤矿安全生产的问题越来越显著，实时准确的检测煤矿井下环境参数十分重要。煤矿开采过程中，粉尘及瓦斯、一氧化碳等气体会不断积累，有害物质浓度不断增大，造成安全隐患。为了稀释矿井中的瓦斯等有害气体，及时向外排出粉尘，需要通过通风系统不断地向矿井下输送新鲜空气。因此，矿井风速的监测是矿井监控的主要内容之一，为决定通风时间和强度的标准。本文提出了一种基于相位差法超声波定向风速测量系统设计方案，该系统以MSP430单片机为核心控制器，通过测量同等声程下超声波脉冲顺风和逆风传播信号的相位差，经模拟、数字电路转换为有效电压信号送至单片机处理，从而获得风速值。本文在对各种检测风速方法总结和梳理的基础上确定了采用超声波相位差原理检测风速方法，对超声波探头配置方法等进行了比较分析，在此基础上建立了风速与相位差信号的数学模型，，提出了温度补偿措施，完成了检相式超声波风速变送器系统设计。该系统硬件部分在设计上采用了模块化处理，设计了单片机系统电路、电源电路、超声波驱动的电路、信号处理电路、频率输出电路及连接故障报警电路等，完成PCB绘制，在此基础上进行了电路分块和整体调试。系统软件设计工作包括系统初始化、红外遥控标定、风速值数据处理、温度补偿、信息存储、数码显示等功能模块设计。在软硬件设计基础上，对整个系统在实验室和标准风洞下进行了测试，并对测试结果和测量误差进行了系统分析。实测结果表明该变送器具有较高的测量精度、较宽的测量范围，结构尺寸较小、便与调试和安装，具有广阔的应用前景。
[Abstract]:Coal resources are still the main energy sources in our country. With the development of economy and society, the demand for coal resources increases unabated, and the problem of coal mine safety production becomes more and more obvious. It is very important to detect the underground environmental parameters of coal mines in real time and accurately. In the process of coal mining, dust, gas, carbon monoxide and other gases will continue to accumulate, the concentration of harmful substances will continue to increase, resulting in hidden dangers. In order to dilute the harmful gases such as gas in the mine and discharge dust to the outside in time, it is necessary to continuously transport fresh air to the mine under the mine through the ventilation system. Therefore, the monitoring of mine wind speed is one of the main contents of mine monitoring, which is the standard to determine the ventilation time and intensity. In this paper, a design scheme of ultrasonic directional wind velocity measurement system based on phase difference method is presented. The system is based on MSP430 single chip microcomputer. The system is simulated by measuring the phase difference between upwind and upwind propagation signals of ultrasonic pulse under the same sound path. The digital circuit is converted to the effective voltage signal and sent to the single chip microcomputer for processing, so as to obtain the wind speed value. In this paper, based on the summary and combing of various wind speed detection methods, the ultrasonic phase difference principle is used to detect the wind speed, and the ultrasonic probe configuration methods are compared and analyzed. On this basis, the mathematical model of wind speed and phase difference signal is established, the temperature compensation measures are put forward, and the design of phase detection ultrasonic wind speed transmitter system is completed. In the hardware part of the system, the modularization processing is adopted. The single chip microcomputer system circuit, the power supply circuit, the ultrasonic driving circuit, the signal processing circuit, the frequency output circuit and the connecting fault alarm circuit are designed to complete the PCB drawing. On this basis, the circuit is divided into blocks and debugged as a whole. The system software design includes system initialization, infrared remote control calibration, wind velocity data processing, temperature compensation, information storage, digital display and other functional modules. On the basis of software and hardware design, the whole system is tested in laboratory and standard wind tunnel, and the test results and measurement errors are analyzed systematically. The measured results show that the transmitter has high measurement accuracy, wide measurement range and small structure size, so it has a broad application prospect for debugging and installation.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TD723

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