X公司核设施安全运行管理研究

发布时间：2019-05-17 00:27

【摘要】：X公司核设施种类较多、涉及工艺及放射性源项复杂、设施本质安全性能参次不齐,核安全管理难度极大。为了确保各类设施的安全稳定运行,X公司本着核安全是核工业的生命线的基本要求,在严格执行国家相关法规、标准的同时,持续提高核设施固有安全水平、健全核安全管理体系与制度、加强现场管理、完善应急体系、提高辐射防护与监测能力,确保了核设施的安全运行、从业人员的身体健康、环境与公众安全。核设施安全管理的内涵是通过预防和减少危害来防范和减少事故,并减少或尽量避免核设施运行中因事故所致的人员伤害、财物损失、污染环境及其他损失。企业应根据现行的法规标准要求,对不同法规、标准之间的差异进行分析研究,找出共同点,之后建立健全本企业的核设施安全运行管理模式。本文通过调研国内外核设施安全管理体系及现状,重点对美国三哩岛、日本福岛等核事故原因进行了深刻分析,采用历史文献分析法、比较分析法、PDCA质量控制法等,对核设施安全运行中存在的问题进行了深入研究,针对X公司各类核设施安全运行现状,结合国家、部门管理法规要求,以及国家有关部门监督检查中存在的问题和企业生产、退役等核活动的实际运行效果,对本企业核设施安全运行的管理模式进行了进一步的优化和完善；对企业安全生产运行管理中的辐射防护管理、放射性废物管理、应急管理、危险源识别、安全文化建设等关键环节进行了分析研究和优化,研究制定了适合X公司安全管理的一系列有效对策和实施措施。这些对策和措施的实施,优化和调整了公司的生产组织结构,满足了公司核设施安全运行管理的要求。
[Abstract]:There are many kinds of nuclear facilities in X Company, which involve complex process and radioactive source items, and the essential safety performance of the facilities is uneven, so it is very difficult to manage nuclear safety. In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of all kinds of facilities, Company X, in line with the basic requirement that nuclear safety is the lifeline of the nuclear industry, while strictly implementing the relevant national laws and standards, continues to improve the inherent safety level of nuclear facilities. Improve the nuclear safety management system and system, strengthen the field management, improve the emergency system, improve the radiation protection and monitoring ability, ensure the safe operation of nuclear facilities, the health of employees, environment and public safety. The connotation of safety management of nuclear facilities is to prevent and reduce accidents by preventing and reducing hazards, and to reduce or avoid personnel injury, property losses, environmental pollution and other losses caused by accidents in the operation of nuclear facilities. According to the requirements of the current laws and standards, enterprises should analyze and study the differences between different laws and standards, find out the common ground, and then establish and improve the safe operation and management mode of their nuclear facilities. Based on the investigation of the safety management system and present situation of nuclear facilities at home and abroad, this paper focuses on the deep analysis of the causes of nuclear accidents in the United States, Fukushima, Japan, etc., using historical literature analysis, comparative analysis, PDCA quality control and so on. This paper makes a deep study on the problems existing in the safe operation of nuclear facilities, and in view of the present situation of the safe operation of all kinds of nuclear facilities of Company X, combined with the requirements of the management laws and regulations of the state and departments, as well as the problems existing in the supervision and inspection of the relevant departments of the state and the production of enterprises, The actual operation effect of nuclear activities such as decommissioning has further optimized and improved the management mode of safe operation of nuclear facilities in our enterprise. The key links of radiation protection management, radioactive waste management, emergency management, hazard source identification and safety culture construction in the operation and management of enterprise safety are analyzed and optimized. A series of effective countermeasures and implementation measures suitable for safety management of X company are studied and worked out. The implementation of these countermeasures and measures has optimized and adjusted the production organization structure of the company and met the requirements of the safe operation and management of the company's nuclear facilities.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TL75

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