中国高速铁路安全运营的系统学分析

发布时间：2019-06-25 08:18

【摘要】：铁路是人类发明的首项公共交通工具，最早于十九世纪初期出现在英国，英格兰的史托顿与达灵顿铁路是世界上第一条商营铁路。直到十九世纪末期发明汽车，铁路始终都是陆上运输的主力。第二次世界大战以后，汽车技术得到改进，高速公路大量建成和推广，再加上民用航空的普及，使得铁路运输慢慢走向下坡，一度成为世人眼中的夕阳产业。1964年日本的新干线正式开通运营，成为史上第一个实现“营运速率”高于时速200公里的铁路系统，是世界上首条高速铁路。此后，经过半个多世纪的发展，高速铁路以其高效、节能、环保、快捷、舒适、安全和准时等优势，在世界范围内掀起了建设和发展高速铁路的热潮。“与风竞速，贴地飞行”，安全就成为了比速度而言更为根本的追求，确保高速铁路的系统安全性和可持续性是我国高速铁路面临的重大挑战。 2011年“7.23甬温线特别重大铁路交通事故”暴露了我国高速铁路运营中的安全隐患，给我国快速发展的高速铁路事业敲响了警钟。我们有必要重新审视、反思我国高速铁路的建设和发展体系，从事故中汲取宝贵的经验和教训。本文以“7.23”事故为切入点，对安全事故演化机理进行系统学分析，提出保障高速铁路安全运营的有效途径。文章框架设计为五个部分：第一部分属引言部分，主要介绍文章选题的背景依据、研究的意义、我国高速铁路运营安全保障体系发展现状、研究方法和创新之处；第一章题为“高速铁路安全运营要素分析”，重点论述高速铁路运营系统的复杂性，对影响高速铁路安全运营的人、机、环境、管理要素进行分析；第二章对高速铁路运营系统的特征进行分析，阐明了高速铁路运营系统符合耗散结构形成条件，耗散结构理论的信息熵能够反映系统的有序程度，可以利用系统熵变趋势来判定系统的演化趋势，继而利用熵理论研究安全事故演化机理；第三章站在战略的高度，从观念、技术、环境、管理四个方面提出保障高速铁路安全运营的有效途径；最后的结语部分，对全文做了简要的概括和总结，并对日趋成熟和完善的安全保障体系下的中国高速铁路的建设和发展做了美好展望。本文旨在通过对高速铁路安全事故演化机理的系统学分析，论述高速铁路安全运营保障体系建设和完善的必要性和必然性，提出具有指导意义和应用价值的发展思路、合理建议和具体的措施，为实现高速铁路的持续安全运营这一最终目标做理论探索，，促进我国高速铁路的安全、健康、持续发展。
[Abstract]:Railway is the first public transport invented by human beings, which first appeared in England in the early 19th century. Stolton and Darlington Railway in England is the first commercial railway in the world. Until the invention of the car at the end of the 19 th century, the railway was always the main force of land transportation. After the second World War, automobile technology was improved, highways were built and popularized, and the popularity of civil aviation made railway transportation slowly downhill and once became a sunset industry in the eyes of the world. Japan's Shinkansen was officially opened in 1964, becoming the first railway system in history to realize an "operating rate" higher than 200 kilometers per hour, and it was the first high-speed railway in the world. Since then, after more than half a century of development, high-speed railway has set off an upsurge in the construction and development of high-speed railway in the world because of its advantages of high efficiency, energy saving, environmental protection, speed, comfort, safety and punctuality. "to compete with the wind and fly to the ground", safety has become a more fundamental pursuit than speed. Ensuring the safety and sustainability of high-speed railway system is a major challenge facing high-speed railway in our country. In 2011, the "7.23 Yongwen Railway Traffic accident" exposed the hidden danger of safety in the operation of high-speed railway in China, and sounded the alarm to the rapid development of high-speed railway in China. It is necessary for us to re-examine, reflect on the construction and development system of high-speed railway in China, and draw valuable experiences and lessons from the accident. Based on the "7.23" accident, this paper makes a systematic analysis of the evolution mechanism of safety accident, and puts forward an effective way to ensure the safe operation of high-speed railway. The framework of the article is designed into five parts: the first part is the introduction, which mainly introduces the background basis of the topic, the significance of the research, the development status of the high-speed railway operation safety and security system in China, the research methods and innovations; The first chapter is entitled "Analysis of safety operation elements of high-speed railway", which focuses on the complexity of high-speed railway operation system, and analyzes the human, machine, environment and management elements that affect the safe operation of high-speed railway. In the second chapter, the characteristics of high-speed railway operation system are analyzed, and it is clarified that the high-speed railway operation system accords with the formation conditions of dissipative structure. The information entropy of dissipative structure theory can reflect the order degree of the system, and the evolution trend of the system can be determined by using the entropy change trend, and then the evolution mechanism of safety accidents can be studied by entropy theory. From the strategic point of view, the third chapter puts forward the effective ways to ensure the safe operation of high-speed railway from four aspects: concept, technology, environment and management. Finally, the conclusion part makes a brief summary and summary of the full text, and makes a good prospect for the construction and development of China's high-speed railway under the increasingly mature and perfect safety guarantee system. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the necessity and necessity of the construction and perfection of high-speed railway safety operation guarantee system through the systematic analysis of the evolution mechanism of high-speed railway safety accident, and to put forward the development ideas with guiding significance and application value, reasonable suggestions and concrete measures, so as to make theoretical exploration for realizing the ultimate goal of sustainable and safe operation of high-speed railway and promote the safety, health and sustainable development of high-speed railway in China.
【学位授予单位】：太原科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：U298

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