单次任务中多块空间碎片主动移除的仿真分析

发布时间：2019-07-04 20:21

【摘要】：日益增多的空间碎片已经严重影响航天器和卫星的正常在轨运行,甚至可能带来毁灭性的灾难。为从根本上控制空间碎片数目增长,消除空间碎片给航天活动带来的威胁,碎片主动移除技术将是未来处理空间环境问题的新思路。碎片的主动移除涉及到两个方面的内容,目标碎片如何选择和如何移除。由于太阳同步轨道非常重要并且碎片数量特别多,本文选择太阳同步轨道上的碎片作为研究的目标碎片。采用化学推进方式对我国空间活动产生的碎片进行移除仿真分析,得出每年可以移除6块左右位于太阳同步轨道上的小型碎片的结论。并且指出空间碎片主动移除对速度增量的需要大,一次任务难以移除多块大型碎片,离每年需要清除5块吨级以上大型碎片的目标还有很大差距。为实现这一目标,针对速度增量需求大的难点,本文提出了一种有创新性的移除方案——利用碰撞能量转移方式移除空间碎片。利用化学推进方式移除空间碎片的研究中,采用蚁群优化算法对多碎片移除过程中的路径优化问题进行了分析,然后采用改进的最速下降法对移除每块碎片的时间进行合理优化,进一步降低总的速度增量需求。对比轨道高度、轨道倾角或者升交点赤经的顺序,采用蚁群算法优化之后的顺序移除碎片可以在很大程度上节省轨道转移所需要的速度增量。选取我国空间活动产生的三组碎片进行优化计算,结果显示,在相同的任务时间内,优化后的顺序可能不同于轨道高度、倾角和赤经的顺序,并且优化顺序可以节省更多的速度增量。另外,任务时间也对碎片的最佳移除顺序产生影响。创新性地将碰撞能量转移方式应用到空间碎片的移除研究。碰撞能量转移方式的特点是通过碰撞将碎片携带的能量转移到航天器,协助航天器完成轨道转移,从而达到节约燃料的目的。对影响对心碰撞和非对心碰撞的因素进行分析研究,找出了对捕网性能要求低、适合多次碰撞的区域。然后采用气动力辅助变轨方式调整航天器轨道参数以完成与其他目标碎片的碰撞。
[Abstract]:The increasing number of space debris has seriously affected the normal in-orbit operation of spacecraft and satellites, and may even lead to devastating disasters. In order to fundamentally control the growth of space debris and eliminate the threat caused by space debris to space activities, debris removal technology will be a new way to deal with space environment problems in the future. The active removal of fragments involves two aspects, how to select the target fragments and how to remove them. Because the solar synchronous orbit is very important and the number of fragments is very large, the fragments in the solar synchronous orbit are selected as the target fragments of the study. The removal of fragments from space activities in China is simulated and analyzed by means of chemical propulsion, and it is concluded that about six small fragments located in solar synchronous orbit can be removed each year. It is pointed out that the active removal of space debris requires great speed increment, and it is difficult to remove multiple large fragments in one mission, which is still far from the target of removing more than 5 large fragments a year. In order to achieve this goal, aiming at the difficulty of speed increment, an innovative removal scheme is proposed in this paper, which uses collision energy transfer to remove space debris. In the research of removing space debris by chemical propulsion, ant colony optimization algorithm is used to analyze the path optimization problem in the process of multi-fragment removal, and then the improved steepest drop method is used to optimize the time of removing each fragment reasonably to further reduce the total speed increment requirement. Compared with the order of orbital height, orbital dip angle or ascending intersection, the sequential removal of fragments after optimization by ant colony algorithm can save the velocity increment needed for orbital transfer to a great extent. Three groups of fragments produced by space activities in China are selected for optimization calculation. The results show that the optimized order may be different from the order of orbital height, inclination angle and red meridians in the same task time, and the optimized order can save more velocity increments. In addition, the task time also has an impact on the optimal removal order of fragments. The collision energy transfer method is applied to the removal of space debris innovatively. The collision energy transfer mode is characterized by transferring the energy carried by the debris to the spacecraft through collision to assist the spacecraft to complete the orbital transfer, so as to achieve the purpose of saving fuel. The factors affecting the collision of the center and the non-collision of the center are analyzed and studied, and the areas where the performance of the catcher is low and suitable for multiple collision are found out. Then the orbit parameters of spacecraft are adjusted by pneumatic assisted orbit transformation to complete the collision with other target fragments.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院大学(中国科学院国家空间科学中心)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：V528

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