旋翼机机载辐射监测系统关键硬件及控制逻辑的设计与实现
发布时间：2019-07-06 18:55
【摘要】：近年来,随着核技术的不断发展,核技术在核能发电、工业、农业以及医学等领域均得到了广泛应用。与此同时,核安全一直是为人们所关注的话题。为了提高核事故发生后的应急能力,就需要研发出更多新型、高效的核辐射监测设备。本课题组针对国内外现有的几种监测方式所存在的一些不足,充分发挥本校航空航天特色学科的优势,将传统的核辐射监测设备与小型无人旋翼机相结合,研发出了一套小型无人旋翼机机载辐射监测系统。本文围绕系统研发过程中所涉及的关键硬件电路设计、FPGA控制逻辑设计以及系统性能测试这几方面的内容展开研究。(1)在制定系统的总体设计方案基础上,按功能的不同,对系统进行了模块划分,并利用Cadence软件对其中的电源模块、GM管剂量率模块以及数据采集模块等关键模块进行了原理图及布局布线设计。在设计过程中,对电源纹波的控制、高压电路的设计以及提高电路抗干扰能力等关键技术问题进行了较为详细的研究,并给出了相应的解决方法。测试结果显示,硬件电路达到了设计要求。(2)介绍了基于FPGA的系统总体逻辑设计,并将整个系统划分为剂量率模块、传感器模块以及串口通信模块等多个功能模块,逐个实现不同模块的功能,对设计过程中的一些关键问题进行了探讨。借助于ModelSim仿真软件对完成的设计进行了仿真,仿真测试结果显示,模块的控制逻辑正常。最后,PC端的调试界面显示的结果表明,几路数据均可被成功采集并发送至PC模块。(3)阐述了系统剂量率模块功能实现过程中所涉及的原理及方法,并对剂量率测量准确度进行了测试。对系统灵敏度测试必要性进行了详细讨论,并采用了MCNP模拟与实验相结合的方法,最终得到了不同源条件下活度与最大可探测距离之间的函数关系。最后进行了户外实际飞行测试,测试了系统的整体性能状况。各项测试结果表明,系统在剂量率测量、能谱测量和无线数据传输等方面的功能均正常,达到了系统的设计要求。本文的研究工作对整套监测系统功能的实现具有重要意义。在本文研究工作的基础上,结合相应的算法,可以进一步提升系统的性能。该监测系统未来可用于日常的辐射环境监测以及丢失放射源的搜寻。
文内图片：
图片说明：传统的辐射监测方式：(a)静态监测，(b)人工便携式监测，(c)车载式监测，(d)机载式航空监测
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous development of nuclear technology, nuclear technology has been widely used in nuclear power generation, industry, agriculture, medicine and other fields. At the same time, nuclear safety has always been a topic of concern. In order to improve the emergency ability after nuclear accident, it is necessary to develop more new and efficient nuclear radiation monitoring equipment. In view of the shortcomings of several existing monitoring methods at home and abroad, our research group has given full play to the advantages of our university's aerospace characteristic disciplines, combined the traditional nuclear radiation monitoring equipment with the small unmanned rotor aircraft, and developed a set of airborne radiation monitoring system for the small unmanned rotor aircraft. In this paper, the key hardware circuit design, FPGA control logic design and system performance test involved in the system research and development process are studied. (1) on the basis of making the overall design scheme of the system, according to the different functions of the system, the module of the system is divided, and the power supply module is divided by Cadence software. The schematic diagram and layout and wiring of GM tube dose rate module and data acquisition module are designed. In the process of design, the key technical problems, such as the control of power supply ripples, the design of high voltage circuit and the improvement of anti-interference ability of the circuit, are studied in detail, and the corresponding solutions are given. The test results show that the hardware circuit meets the design requirements. (2) the overall logic design of the system based on FPGA is introduced, and the whole system is divided into dose rate module, sensor module and serial communication module. The functions of different modules are realized one by one, and some key problems in the design process are discussed. With the help of ModelSim simulation software, the design is simulated. The simulation test results show that the control logic of the module is normal. Finally, the results of PC debugging interface show that several data can be successfully collected and sent to PC module. (3) the principle and method involved in the realization of the function of system dose rate module are described, and the accuracy of dose rate measurement is tested. The necessity of sensitivity test of the system is discussed in detail, and the method of combining MCNP simulation with experiment is adopted. Finally, the functional relationship between activity and maximum recoverable distance under different source conditions is obtained. Finally, the outdoor flight test is carried out, and the overall performance of the system is tested. The test results show that the function of the system in dose rate measurement, energy spectrum measurement and wireless data transmission is normal, which meets the design requirements of the system. The research work of this paper is of great significance to the realization of the whole monitoring system. On the basis of the research work of this paper, combined with the corresponding algorithm, the performance of the system can be further improved. The monitoring system can be used for daily radiation environment monitoring and the search for lost radioactive sources in the future.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TL751
本文编号：2511256
文内图片：
图片说明：传统的辐射监测方式：(a)静态监测，(b)人工便携式监测，(c)车载式监测，(d)机载式航空监测
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous development of nuclear technology, nuclear technology has been widely used in nuclear power generation, industry, agriculture, medicine and other fields. At the same time, nuclear safety has always been a topic of concern. In order to improve the emergency ability after nuclear accident, it is necessary to develop more new and efficient nuclear radiation monitoring equipment. In view of the shortcomings of several existing monitoring methods at home and abroad, our research group has given full play to the advantages of our university's aerospace characteristic disciplines, combined the traditional nuclear radiation monitoring equipment with the small unmanned rotor aircraft, and developed a set of airborne radiation monitoring system for the small unmanned rotor aircraft. In this paper, the key hardware circuit design, FPGA control logic design and system performance test involved in the system research and development process are studied. (1) on the basis of making the overall design scheme of the system, according to the different functions of the system, the module of the system is divided, and the power supply module is divided by Cadence software. The schematic diagram and layout and wiring of GM tube dose rate module and data acquisition module are designed. In the process of design, the key technical problems, such as the control of power supply ripples, the design of high voltage circuit and the improvement of anti-interference ability of the circuit, are studied in detail, and the corresponding solutions are given. The test results show that the hardware circuit meets the design requirements. (2) the overall logic design of the system based on FPGA is introduced, and the whole system is divided into dose rate module, sensor module and serial communication module. The functions of different modules are realized one by one, and some key problems in the design process are discussed. With the help of ModelSim simulation software, the design is simulated. The simulation test results show that the control logic of the module is normal. Finally, the results of PC debugging interface show that several data can be successfully collected and sent to PC module. (3) the principle and method involved in the realization of the function of system dose rate module are described, and the accuracy of dose rate measurement is tested. The necessity of sensitivity test of the system is discussed in detail, and the method of combining MCNP simulation with experiment is adopted. Finally, the functional relationship between activity and maximum recoverable distance under different source conditions is obtained. Finally, the outdoor flight test is carried out, and the overall performance of the system is tested. The test results show that the function of the system in dose rate measurement, energy spectrum measurement and wireless data transmission is normal, which meets the design requirements of the system. The research work of this paper is of great significance to the realization of the whole monitoring system. On the basis of the research work of this paper, combined with the corresponding algorithm, the performance of the system can be further improved. The monitoring system can be used for daily radiation environment monitoring and the search for lost radioactive sources in the future.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TL751
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