民国时期海洋灾害预防及应对研究
发布时间:2017-08-13 09:05
本文关键词:民国时期海洋灾害预防及应对研究
【摘要】:我国是有着悠久海洋历史的国家,漫长的海洋史中,古代先民也时常面临海洋灾害的威胁,,在海洋灾害的应对方面有着丰富的经验,发展到民国时期,海洋灾害应对的理念及措施更加近代化,提高了抗灾救灾的效率。 文章第一部分主要对海洋灾害进行概述,并分类别对其危害进行简要的分析。第二部分详细地论述了民国时期海洋灾害应对的硬件措施和软件措施,初步建立了海洋灾害预防保障体系。第三部分通过选取海难灾害和广东潮汕风灾重点分析,研究灾害发生后政府及社会各界积极配合,共同应对灾害。文章最后部分重点分析了民间祁神禳灾对灾害过后,灾民心理恢复和治疗的作用。 民国时期处于向近代社会转型的关键时期,在海洋灾害应对方面有着成熟的经验,官方和民间积极配合,对我们当今社会海洋灾害的预防和应对有着重要启示。
【关键词】:海洋灾害 民国 预防措施 救助行动
【学位授予单位】:中国海洋大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2014
【分类号】:X43;K258
【目录】:
- 摘要5-6
- Abstract6-12
- 0 前沿12-13
- 0.1 选题来源12
- 0.2 研究综述12-13
- 1 海洋灾害概述13-20
- 1.1 风暴潮灾害14-17
- 1.2 风暴浪灾害17-18
- 1.3 地震海啸18
- 1.4 海冰灾害18-19
- 1.5 海雾灾害19-20
- 2 海洋灾害的预防保障措施20-34
- 2.1 沿海气象观测系统的完善20-21
- 2.1.1 徐家汇观象台20-21
- 2.1.2 青岛观象台21
- 2.2 沿海地区海岸工程建设21-27
- 2.2.1 江南海塘工程22-24
- 2.2.2 青岛海岸防护工程24-26
- 2.2.3 生物海岸的保护26-27
- 2.3 近代航标设施的建立27-29
- 2.3.1 管理机制27-28
- 2.3.2 航标法规、制度的完善28
- 2.3.3 航标技术进步28-29
- 2.4 民国仓储制度的完善29-30
- 2.5 民国现代交通、通讯技术的发展30-33
- 2.5.1 民国交通业的发展30-32
- 2.5.2 民国通讯的发展32-33
- 2.6 民国时期医疗卫生条件的改善33-34
- 3 民国时期海洋灾害的应对及救助34-46
- 3.1 政府抗灾救灾体制的完善34-36
- 3.1.1 民国时期赈务机构的设置34-35
- 3.1.2 赈灾立法的完善35-36
- 3.2 海难救助36-38
- 3.3 民国海洋灾害救助-以“八二风灾“为例38-46
- 3.3.1 灾情概述38-39
- 3.3.2 灾后各界紧急动员工作39-40
- 3.3.3 中央及地方政府部门的应对措施40-43
- 3.3.4 民间力量的救灾活动43-46
- 4 祈神禳灾46-49
- 4.1 渔汛前后的祭祀47-48
- 4.2 节日祭48
- 4.3 生产过程中的祭祀48-49
- 4.4 碰有风浪灾害,进行祈祷49
- 5 结语49
- 参考文献49-53
- The Study on Marine disaster’s prevention and reactionduring the period of the Republic of China53-118
- Abstract53-54
- 0frontier54-57
- 0.1 Source of topic selection54-55
- 0.2 Research were reviewed55-57
- 1 An overview of marine disasters57-66
- 1.1 The storm surges disaster57-62
- 1.2 Storm wave disasters62-63
- 1.3 Disasters caused by seismic tsunami63-64
- 1.4 The sea ice disaster64-65
- 1.5 The sea fog disaster65-66
- 2 Marine disaster precautions and safeguard merchanism66-89
- 2.1 The perfection of meteorological observing system in coastal area66-69
- 2.1.1 The XUJiahui Observatory Station:66-68
- 2.1.2 Qingdao Observatory Station68-69
- 2.2 Coastal engineering construction of coastal areas69-77
- 2.2.1 Jiangnan Seawall Engineering69-73
- 2.2.2 Qingdao coastal prevention engineering73-76
- 2.2.3 The protection of biological coast76-77
- 2.3 The establishment of modern navigation facilities77-81
- 2.3.1 Management mechanism78-79
- 2.3.2 The improvement of navigation regulations and systems79
- 2.3.3 The Progress of Navigation technology79-81
- 2.4 The improvement of the storage system of the Republic of China81-83
- 2.5 The Development of Modern Traffic, Communication Technology in the Republic of China83-87
- 2.5.1 The Development of transportation in the Republic of China83-85
- 2.5.2 The Development if the Communication85-87
- 2.6 The Improvement of the Medical and Health Conditions in the period of the Republic of China87-89
- 3 Marine Disaster Relief and Rescue During the Period of the Republic of China89-107
- 3.1 The Improvement of the Government Disaster Relief System89-92
- 3.1.1 The Set up of Relieve Affairs during the Period of the Republic of China89-90
- 3.1.2 The Improvement of the Legislation in Relief90-92
- 3.2 Salvage At Sea92-95
- 3.3 Marine Disaster Relief of the Republic of China take Ba’er cyclone for example95-107
- 3.3.1 Summary of the Situation95-97
- 3.3.2 The post-disaster emergency mobilization efforts from all sides97-98
- 3.3.3 The central and local government's response98-103
- 3.3.4 Folk strength of disaster relief activities103-107
- 4 Praying107-112
- 4.1 The Sacrifice before and after the fishing season110-111
- 4.2 The Sacrifice during all kinds of festivals111
- 4.3 The sacrifice during the process of production111
- 4.4 The sacrifice when meeting with wind disasters111-112
- 5 The Conclusion112-114
- References114-118
- 致谢118-119
- 个人简历119
- 发表的学术论文119-120
【参考文献】
中国期刊全文数据库 前1条
1 张乔民,隋淑珍;中国红树林湿地资源及其保护[J];自然资源学报;2001年01期
本文编号:666465
本文链接:https://www.wllwen.com/kejilunwen/anquangongcheng/666465.html