三维多孔氧化铁、硫化镍复合材料的制备及其电化学性能表征

发布时间：2018-01-05 17:39

  本文关键词：三维多孔氧化铁、硫化镍复合材料的制备及其电化学性能表征　出处：《中原工学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 复合材料 氧化铁 硫化镍 离子置换 超级电容器

【摘要】：随着经济的飞速发展和科学技术的快速进步,传统电容器和二次电池的发展已经不能够完全满足人们在各种场合下对能量储存与转换设备的需求。超级电容器,一种介于两者之间的新型能量转换装置,因具有快速充放电、功率密度高、循环稳定性好等突出优点,引起了广大科研工作者的关注。电极材料作为超级电容器装置的重要组成之一,电极材料的多样性选择使得表现出不同的超级电容器的性能,也因此为广大科研工作者的研究带来了许多挑战。其中,过渡金属化合物自身因具有多种可变价态,储量丰富,理论容量高及化学稳定性等优点,被认为是超级电容器中可选的最佳电极材料。目前,过渡金属化合物的自身电子传导率低,自身导电性差而不能完全发挥自身性能。所以,目前常见的方案是通过提高电极材料的导电性和新型复合材料的制备来改善电极材料在超级电容器中的应用。我们以这两点为出发点,选取商业化的三聚氰胺碳泡沫和三维网状金属泡沫镍作为电极材料的导电载体来提高其导电性,并通过形貌可控设计及离子置换方法实现金属复合复合材料的制备来提高材料的性能,具体工作如下:(1)通过简单的一步溶剂热法合成出Fe_3O_4纳米球,并以碳化过的商业化三聚氰胺碳泡沫作为导电载体,Fe_3O_4均匀的沉积到碳泡沫的三维多孔骨架表面,形成Fe_3O_4/CF复合材料。电化学测试表明,当电流密度为1 A g-1时,比容量可从55.66 F g-1提升到130.59 F g-1,兼具良好的循环稳定性。本工作选用廉价的碳泡沫作为导电载体来提升材料的性能,为氧化铁的商业化研究提供了一种可能。(2)以泡沫镍作为导电基底和镍源,通过原位合成方法合成具有鸟巢状结构的一维纳米线(直径为80 nm)Ni_3S_2的可控设计。为了提高Ni_3S_2的电化学性质,我们引入了导电性更好的过渡金属离子钴作为有益离子与Ni_3S_2进行离子置换,通过控制反应时间实现了镍钴元素之间的可控转变和形貌结构遗传。制备的多元材料进行两电极器件性能测试结果表明,制备的Ni@Ni_(1.4)Co_(1.6)S_2的倍率性能和比容量都有了很大的提升。本部分工作为材料改性及复合材料制备提供了很有价值的参考。同时,通过金属基底原位生长的电极材料表现出了很好的柔韧性,为柔性器件的研究也提供了可行的方案。(3)以泡沫镍为导电基底和镍源,原位生长法和部分离子置换方法制备了具有分等级结构的薰衣草状Ni@Ni_3S_2/Co_9S_8/Ni Se。首先,制备出具有分等级结构的Ni@Ni_3S_2。其次,为了提高材料的性能,以硒离子和钴离子作为有益的阴离子和阳离子来进行部分离子置换反应,实现了Ni_3S_2的薰衣草状分等级结构的保持。通过一系列相关的电化学表征结果表明,通过离子置换方法得到的多组分复合材料可以有效提高材料的性能。本部分工作证明了结构的设计和离子置换方法都可用来提升电极材料的电化学性能。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the economy and the development of science and technology, the traditional capacitor and the two battery is not able to fully meet the demand for energy conversion and storage equipment on various occasions. The super capacitor, a new type of energy conversion device in between, because of its fast charging and discharging, high power density the outstanding advantages, good cycle stability, has aroused the attention of scientists. As an important component of electrode material for super capacitor device, electrode material diversity choice makes the performance of super capacitor is different, so for the study of scientific research workers brought many challenges. Among them, the transition metal compound because of its many variable valence, abundant reserves, high theoretical capacity and chemical stability, it is considered as the best choice of electrode material in super capacitor The material. At present, transition metal compounds own electronic conduction rate is low, its poor conductivity and can not fully play their performance. Therefore, the common solution is prepared by application to enhance the conductivity and composite electrode materials for improved electrode materials in supercapacitors. We take this as a starting point point, selected commercial melamine carbon foam and three-dimensional metal nickel foam as a conductive carrier electrode material to improve its conductivity, and the controllable morphology design and ion replacement method for metal composite preparation of composite materials to improve the properties of the materials, the specific work is as follows: (1) through a one-step solvothermal method is simple the synthesis of Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles, and the commercialization of the carbide carbon foam melamine as the conducting carrier, three-dimensional porous surface Fe_3O_4 uniform deposition of carbon foam, the formation of Fe_3O The _4/CF composite material. The electrochemical tests show that when the current density is 1 A g-1, from F g-1 55.66 than the capacity can be raised to 130.59 F g-1, with good cycle stability. The selection of cheap carbon foam as a conductive carrier to improve the performance of materials, provides a possibility for the study of commercial iron oxide. (2) with nickel foam as substrate and nickel source, by in situ synthesis method with nanowires nest like structure (diameter 80 nm) controlled Ni_3S_2 design. In order to improve the electrochemical properties of Ni_3S_2 transition metal ions cobalt, we introduce better conductivity as a useful ion and Ni_3S_2 ion exchange. By controlling the reaction time to achieve the transformation and controllable morphology between nickel and cobalt elements. Genetic material prepared by multiple performance test results of two electrodes of the device showed that the preparation of Ni@Ni_ (1.4) Co_ (1.6) The rate performance of S_2 and capacity have been greatly improved. This part of the work and the preparation of composite materials provides a valuable reference for material modification. At the same time, through the in situ growth of base metal electrode material showed good flexibility of flexible device provides a feasible solution. (3) on the foam nickel substrate and nickel source, in situ growth and partial ion exchange were prepared with lavender like Ni@Ni_3S_2/Co_9S_8/Ni Se. hierarchical structure first, prepared with graded structure Ni@Ni_3S_2. second, in order to improve the performance of materials, using selenium ions and cobalt ions as beneficial and anion to be part of cationic ion replacement reaction, keep the realization of the Ni_3S_2 shaped Lavender graded structure. Through a series of related electrochemical characterization results show that obtained by ion exchange method and more Component composites can effectively improve the properties of materials. In this part, it is proved that the structure design and the ion replacement method can be used to enhance the electrochemical performance of electrode materials.

【学位授予单位】：中原工学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB33;O646

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