多孔碳材料的形貌控制及其表征、应用

发布时间：2018-01-10 06:11

本文关键词：多孔碳材料的形貌控制及其表征、应用　出处：《河北科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：经济社会的快速发展导致的温室效应和能源短缺问题日益严重,为了解决这些问题,进一步开发新的吸附材料和储能材料势在必行。近年来,由于多孔碳材料具有大的比表面积和孔容、孔结构可调、容易表面改性、结构稳定等特点吸引了众多关注,可应用于气体吸附和能量存储等方面。因此,本论文制备出不同的多孔碳材料,并研究了其在气体吸附和电化学储能方面的应用。论文的主要研究内容如下:1)采用简单的一锅法,以间苯二酚-甲醛树脂为碳源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为表面活性剂,九水硅酸钠为助剂,制备出了纤维状介孔碳材料。采用扫描和透射电子显微镜对所得样品进行了表征,结果发现样品具有纤维状形貌并存在无序介孔结构。所制备的样品具有较高的比表面积(1257 m2 g-1),均一的介孔(4.0 nm)。电化学测试结果表明,该材料具有良好的电容性能和循环稳定性,可作为电极材料应用于超级电容器中。2)以多巴胺做为碳、氮源,正硅酸乙酯做为结构助剂,采用改进的St?ber法制备了氮掺杂空心碳球。利用正硅酸乙酯的水解速率大于多巴胺的聚合速率,正硅酸乙酯先水解形成硅球,并做为内核,使多巴胺在其表面自聚合,形成聚多巴胺壳。再经过碳化、溶硅等步骤,制备得到氮掺杂空心碳球。通过改变合成体系中乙醇和水的体积比,可实现对其形貌的可控制备。在25℃和常压下,其二氧化碳吸附量高达3.09 mmol g-1,并具有良好的二氧化碳吸附稳定性。3)以工业化的氧化石墨烯为原料,硅球为硬模板,尿素作为还原-掺杂剂成功制备出氮掺杂石墨烯空心球。实验结果表明,氧化石墨烯的用量以及是否对其进行预处理这两个因素可以影响该材料的球形形貌。研究发现,掺氮可以提高该材料的比电容。氮掺杂石墨烯空心球表现出优良的电容性能和循环稳定性能。本研究使用工业化的氧化石墨烯和廉价的尿素为原料,为其大规模生产提供了可能性,同时,也为工业化氧化石墨烯的进一步应用提供了研究基础。
[Abstract]:The greenhouse effect and energy shortages led to the rapid development of economy and society is becoming more and more serious, in order to solve these problems, the further development of new adsorption material and energy storage materials is imperative. In recent years, due to the porous carbon material with high surface area and pore structure of Kong Rong, adjustable, easy surface modification, the characteristics of stable structure to attract a lot of attention, can be used in gas adsorption and energy storage and so on. Therefore, the preparation of porous carbon materials are different, and studied its application in gas adsorption and electrochemical energy storage. The main contents of this dissertation are as follows: 1) by one pot method simple, resorcinol formaldehyde resin carbon source, sixteen alkyl three methyl bromide as surfactant, sodium silicate nine water as additives, prepared mesoporous carbon fibrous material. The samples were using scanning and transmission electron microscopy Sign, the sample results showed that the fibrous morphology and disordered mesoporous structure. The prepared samples have high surface area (1257 M2 g-1), mesoporous uniform (4 nm). The electrochemical test results show that the material has good capacitor performance and cycle stability, can be used as the electrode materials super capacitor.2) using dopamine as carbon source, nitrogen, TEOS as additive, using improved St? Nitrogen doped hollow carbon spheres were prepared by BER. The rate of polymerization using the hydrolysis rate of TEOS is greater than dopamine, ethyl orthosilicate hydrolysis first formed silica spheres, and to do the kernel, on the surface of dopamine self polymerization, the formation of polydopamine shell. After carbonization, soluble silicon steps, preparing nitrogen doped hollow carbon spheres. By changing the synthetic system of ethanol and water volume ratio, can be realized on the morphology controlled preparation. At 25 DEG C and Under normal pressure, the carbon dioxide adsorption capacity of up to 3.09 mmol g-1, and.3 has good stability in carbon dioxide adsorption) of graphene oxide industrialization as raw material, silica spheres as hard templates, urea as reducing dopant were prepared n-doped graphene hollow spheres. The experimental results show that the amounts of graphene oxide and whether the pretreatment of these two factors can affect the morphology of the spherical material. The study found that the material to improve specific capacitance. Nitrogen doping can be nitrogen doped graphene hollow spheres exhibit good capacitor performance and cycle stability. This study used the industrialization of graphene oxide and cheap urea as raw material, provide the possibility for the mass production at the same time, also provides a research foundation for further application of the industrialization of graphene oxide.

【学位授予单位】：河北科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ127.11;TB383.4

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