基于一维氧化锌纳米材料的制备与性能研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 16:35

本文关键词：基于一维氧化锌纳米材料的制备与性能研究　出处：《哈尔滨师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：氧化锌,具有60 meV,激子结合能的一种直接宽禁带金属氧化物半导体,禁带宽度为3.37 eV,由于其良好的光、电性能引起了研究者广泛的关注,这些性能使氧化锌在太阳能电池、光探测器、气体传感器及光催化等领域具有广阔的应用前景。一维纳米材料例如:纳米棒,纳米线,纳米纤维和纳米带,具有高长径比和超大的比表面积使其在实际应用中非常有竞争力的优势。在众多一维材料的制备方法中,静电纺丝法已经被证明是一种通用,有效,简单且廉价的方法来制备一维纳米纤维。因此,本文研究集中在通过静电纺丝方法合成一维氧化锌基纳米材料开展其在气敏和光催化性能研究,主要内容如下:(1)静电纺丝法制备多孔氧化锌纳米纤维及其气敏性能研究以醋酸锌为锌源,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作为增稠剂剂,采用简单的静电纺丝法合成多孔氧化锌纳米纤维(直径约200-300nm,长约为数微米)。通过调节醋酸锌与PVP的量,实现了纳米管,纤维/管与多孔纤维结构的合成。该系列一维材料均由粒径20~30nm的氧化锌纳米粒子堆积组成,使其具有高比表面积(10.68~12.04m2/g)与孔径大小(20-50nm)。由于其丰富的多孔结构,该系列材料对丙酮显示良好的响应和选择性,对500ppm丙酮灵敏度高达243.3。(2)静电纺丝法合成氧化锌/二氧化锡复合纳米纤维及其光催化性能研究以氯化锌和二氯化锡作为无机源,通过静电纺丝法合成氧化锌/二氧化锡复合纳米纤维。所制纤维直径约为250nm,通过XRD,TEM表征证明氧化锌/二氧化锡复合纤维成功制备。同时通过调节氯化锌与二氯化锡的量,对合成机理进行了探讨。通过对多种染料(亚甲蓝,刚果红,曙红,甲基橙)的光降解动力学的分析发现对刚果红展现良好的光降解能力(20min 98.8%)和高循环使用能力。(3)基于静电纺丝法合成氧化锌/硫化镉复合材料及其可见光催化性能研究基于静电纺丝法通过二次水热生长合成氧化锌/硫化镉复合材料,对合成的样品进行了SEM、TEM、XRD、UV-vis等表征,证明复合材料的成功制备。将合成的材料用于可见光催化降解有机染料,展现对曙红良好的可见光光降解能力(120min 96.67%)。
[Abstract]:Zinc oxide, a direct wide band gap metal oxide semiconductor with an exciton binding energy of 60 MEV, with a band gap of 3.37 EV, due to its good light. Electrical properties have attracted wide attention of researchers. These properties make zinc oxide have a broad application prospect in solar cells photodetectors gas sensors and photocatalysis. One-dimensional nanomaterials such as nanorods. Nanowires, nanofibers and nanobelts, with high aspect ratio and large specific surface area, have a very competitive advantage in practical applications. Electrospinning has proved to be a universal, efficient, simple and inexpensive method for preparing one-dimensional nanofibers. This paper focuses on the synthesis of one-dimensional ZnO nanomaterials by electrospinning method to study their gas-sensing and photocatalytic properties. The main contents are as follows: (1) preparation of porous zinc oxide nanofibers by electrospinning and their gas-sensing properties; zinc acetate as zinc source and polyvinylpyrrolidone as thickener. Porous zinc oxide nanofibers (about 200-300 nm in diameter and several microns in length) were synthesized by a simple electrospinning method. The nanotubes were realized by adjusting the amount of zinc acetate and PVP. Synthesis of fiber / tube and porous fiber structure. The series of one-dimensional materials are composed of zinc oxide nanoparticles with a diameter of 20 ~ 30nm. It has a high specific surface area of 10.68 ~ 12.04m2 / g) and a pore size of 20-50nmg. due to its rich porous structure. The series of materials showed good response and selectivity to acetone. Zinc oxide / tin dioxide composite nanofibers were synthesized by electrostatic spinning and their photocatalytic properties were studied. Zinc chloride and tin dichloride were used as inorganic sources. Zinc oxide / tin dioxide composite nanofibers were synthesized by electrospinning method. The diameter of the fibers was about 250nm, and the fibers were prepared by XRD. TEM characterization proved that zinc oxide / tin dioxide composite fiber was successfully prepared. The synthesis mechanism was also discussed by adjusting the amount of zinc chloride and tin dichloride. Various dyes (methylene blue, Congo red) were studied. Eosin. Analysis of photodegradation kinetics of methyl orange showed that Congo red showed good photodegradation ability (98.8 min) and high recycling ability. Synthesis of Zinc oxide / cadmium Sulfide Composites based on Electrospinning and their visible Light Catalytic Properties; Zinc oxide / cadmium Sulfide Composites synthesized by Secondary hydrothermal growth based on Electrospinning method. The synthesized samples were characterized by SEMTEMT-XRD- UV-vis, which proved that the composites were successfully prepared. The synthesized materials were used to catalyze the degradation of organic dyes by visible light. The ability of visible light degradation to eosin was shown to be 96.67% in 120 min.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ132.41;TB383.1

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