石墨烯改性氰酸酯基复合材料及其抗电子质子辐照研究

发布时间：2018-01-16 15:38

本文关键词：石墨烯改性氰酸酯基复合材料及其抗电子质子辐照研究　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：氰酸酯树脂在航空航天领域得到越来越广泛的应用,然而其韧性较差的缺点限制了它的发展。本文采用石墨烯对氰酸酯进行增韧改性,来制备适合航天器使用的复合材料,为航天器结构材料的选材提供实验和理论依据。研究了石墨烯改性对氰酸酯浇铸体和碳纤维/氰酸酯复合材料的力学、耐热性能、尺寸稳定性等性能的影响规律,研究结果表明,石墨烯改性可以提高氰酸酯浇铸体和碳纤维/氰酸酯复合材料的力学性能,当石墨烯添加含量为0.6%时,氰酸酯浇铸体的拉伸、弯曲、压缩强度分别提高了18%、12%、34%;碳纤维/氰酸酯复合材料的拉伸、弯曲、层间强度分别提高了17%、10%、15%。对石墨烯改性后氰酸酯浇铸体的DSC测试表明,改性后其玻璃化转变温度有所提高,氰酸酯的耐高温性能得到增强;对石墨烯改性后的氰酸酯浇铸体和碳纤维/氰酸酯复合材料热膨胀系数的测试结果表明,两种材料的热膨胀系数均有降低,其尺寸稳定性得以提高。利用空间环境效应模拟器对所制备的材料进行了真空条件下电子质子辐照实验。结果表明,石墨烯增强了氰酸酯树脂的抗电子质子辐照性能,辐照对复合材料造成的损伤效应主要发生在基体,其损伤结果是交联效应、降解效应及放电烧蚀效应共同作用的,在电子、质子先后顺序的综合辐照下,辐照注量的阈值为1.0×1016e(4.0×1015p)/cm2,当辐照注量低于阈值时,CE树脂分子链的交联效应为主,M40/GE-CE复合材料力学性能随着辐照注量的增加而增加,辐照注量高于阈值时,CE体系的降解效应为主,M40/GE-CE复合材料的界面受到轻微损伤,其拉伸、弯曲、剪切性能都有不同程度的下降。随着辐照注量的增加,发生在树脂基体的放电烧蚀现象逐渐增多;对改性前后氰酸酯的电子顺磁共振分析表明,氰酸酯内自由基的含量随着辐照注量的增加而呈线性增加,改性氰酸酯内自由基的含量随着辐照注量的增加呈非线性增长,其增长速率逐渐趋于零。改性前后氰酸酯浇铸体的表面粗糙度随辐照注量的增加呈先降低后增加的趋势,其分子结构中官能团的吸收峰强度呈先增加后降低的趋势。
[Abstract]:Cyanate ester resin is more and more widely used in aerospace field, but its poor toughness limits its development. In this paper, graphene was used to toughen cyanate ester. The mechanical properties of graphene modified p-cyanate casting and carbon fiber / cyanate composite were studied. The results show that the modification of graphene can improve the mechanical properties of cyanate ester casting and carbon fiber / cyanate ester composites. When the content of graphene was 0.6, the tensile, flexural and compressive strength of cyanate casting increased by 18%. The tensile, flexural and interlaminar strength of carbon fiber / cyanate composite increased by 17% and 10% respectively. The DSC test of cyanate casting after graphene modification showed that the tensile strength of carbon fiber / cyanate composite was increased by 17%. After modification, the glass transition temperature was improved, and the high temperature resistance of cyanate ester was enhanced. The thermal expansion coefficient of graphene modified cyanate casting and carbon fiber / cyanate composite was measured. The results showed that the thermal expansion coefficient of the two materials decreased. The dimensional stability was improved. The electron proton irradiation experiments were carried out under vacuum condition using the space environment effect simulator. Graphene enhanced the anti-electron proton radiation performance of cyanate ester resin. The damage effect caused by irradiation on composite mainly occurred in matrix and the damage result was crosslinking effect. Under the combined irradiation of electron and proton sequence, the threshold of irradiation flux is 1.0 脳 10 ~ (16) E ~ (-1) ~ (4.0) 脳 10 ~ (15) p ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1). When the irradiation flux is lower than the threshold value, the crosslinking effect of M40 / GE-CE composite increases with the increase of irradiation flux, and the irradiation flux is higher than the threshold value. The degradation effect of CE system is mainly due to the slight damage to the interface of M40 / GE-CE composites. The tensile, bending and shear properties of M40 / GE-CE composites decrease in varying degrees. The phenomenon of discharge ablation in resin matrix increased gradually. The electron paramagnetic resonance analysis of cyanate ester before and after modification showed that the free radical content in cyanate ester linearly increased with the increase of irradiation flux. The content of free radical in modified cyanate ester increased non-linear with the increase of irradiation flux. The surface roughness of cyanate casting before and after modification decreased first and then increased with the increase of irradiation flux. The absorption peak strength of the functional group in its molecular structure increased first and then decreased.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ317;TB332

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