几种超疏水涂层的制备及其防覆冰性能研究

发布时间：2018-01-20 03:48

本文关键词： 超疏水表面制备防覆冰自清洁稳定性　出处：《南昌航空大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前,人工超疏水表面在实验室制备和应用研究两方面都取得了较大的进展,但其表面防覆冰性能的研究还仅处于起步阶段,超疏水表面是否具有防覆冰效果尚存在争议。为此,本论文系统研究各类超疏水表面的防覆冰性能,用三种不同的方法制备出了三种不同类型的超疏水表面,并且对其表面润湿性、形貌、成分、自清洁性能和稳定性进行了详细的研究。主要研究内容和结果如下:1.自行搭建了一套简易的实验室覆冰行为测试装置,能够实现在温度范围0~-25°C,风速范围在0~5 m/s的调节,对超疏水表面的覆冰行为进行实时监控。2.以硝酸银和硬脂酸为原料制备了硬脂酸银超疏水表面,其接触角为164.5°,滚动角为3.1°。硬脂酸银超疏水表面具有涂膜方便,耐酸碱,易修复等特点。在实验室小型结冰装置下发现硬脂酸银超疏水表面在-5°C、-10°C和-15°C条件下有延缓结冰的作用。在-20°C下,超疏水表面和普通玻璃表面开始结冰的时间相差不大。在大型冰风洞实验室条件下,在-5°C、-10°C和-15°C下,超疏水表面能够显著减少覆冰量,覆冰形态为稀疏不连续冰粒。在-20°C下,超疏水表面与普通表面相比较,其覆冰情况无明显差别。3.将改性疏水二氧化硅与硅橡胶在溶液中混合,然后浸涂成膜,固化后得到SiO2/RTV复合超疏水涂层,其接触角为165°,滚动角为1.1°。研究发现SiO2/RTV复合超疏水涂层具有较高的稳定性,能够经受紫外线照射和腐蚀溶液的浸泡。覆冰行为研究发现,采用滴水结冰的方法,SiO2/RTV复合超疏水涂层在倾斜台角度为15°的条件下,在-4°C、-8°C和-12°C时,其表面不结冰或延缓结冰。在-16°C下,超疏水表面的覆冰情况和普通表面无明显差别。4.使用十八烷基三氯硅烷改性的纳米SiO2颗粒为原料,采用浸涂和喷涂的方法制备了透明超疏水涂层。纳米SiO2团聚成连续岛形成微纳米双重结构。透明超疏水表面的接触角为163°,滚动角小于2°。研究发现该超疏水表面的透光率大于81.5%,且具有良好的自清洁性和耐腐蚀性。系统研究了透明超疏水表面在风速分别为0 m/s和3 m/s下透明超疏水表面的覆冰情况。结果发现在-5°C时,超疏水表面在任何风速下都能够防止覆冰的发生;在风速为3 m/s,温度为-10°C的状态下,超疏水表面能够显著延缓表面覆冰;而在更低温度-15°C时,超疏水表面和普通表面相比,无明显防覆冰效果。
[Abstract]:At present, great progress has been made in the preparation and application of artificial superhydrophobic surfaces in laboratory, but the study on the anti-icing performance of artificial superhydrophobic surfaces is still in its infancy. Whether the superhydrophobic surface has anti-icing effect is still controversial. Therefore, this paper systematically studies the anti-icing performance of various superhydrophobic surfaces, and three different types of superhydrophobic surfaces are prepared by three different methods. And the wettability, morphology, composition, self-cleaning performance and stability of the surface were studied in detail. The main research contents and results are as follows: 1. A simple laboratory ice behavior testing device was built by ourselves. It can be adjusted in the temperature range of 0 ~ 25 掳C and the wind speed in the range of 0 ~ 5 m / s. The superhydrophobic surface of silver stearate was prepared from silver nitrate and stearic acid. The contact angle was 164.5 掳. The rolling angle is 3.1 掳. The superhydrophobic surface of silver stearate has the advantages of convenient coating, resistance to acid and alkali, easy repair and so on. The superhydrophobic surface of silver stearate is found to be at -5 掳C in the laboratory. Under the conditions of -10 掳C and -15 掳C, the freezing time of superhydrophobic surface is similar to that of common glass surface at -20 掳C. Under the conditions of -5 掳C ~ 10 掳C and -15 掳C, the superhydrophobic surface can significantly reduce the amount of ice covered, and the ice form is sparse discontinuous ice particles. At -20 掳C, the superhydrophobic surface is compared with the ordinary surface. The modified hydrophobic silica and silicone rubber were mixed in solution, then impregnated into film, the SiO2/RTV composite superhydrophobic coating was obtained after curing. The contact angle is 165 掳and the rolling angle is 1.1 掳. It is found that the SiO2/RTV composite superhydrophobic coating has high stability. It can withstand ultraviolet irradiation and corrosion solution soaking. The study of icing behavior shows that the SiO2 / RTV composite superhydrophobic coating can be used in the condition that the angle of tilt table is 15 掳. At -4 掳C ~ 8 掳C and -12 掳C, the surface does not freeze or delay ice formation, and at -16 掳C. There is no obvious difference between superhydrophobic surface and ordinary surface. (4) 18 alkyl trichlorosilane modified SiO2 nanoparticles are used as raw materials. Transparent superhydrophobic coatings were prepared by dipping and spraying. Nano SiO2 was agglomerated into continuous islands to form micro / nano double structure. The contact angle of transparent superhydrophobic surfaces was 163 掳. The rolling angle is less than 2 掳. It is found that the transmittance of the superhydrophobic surface is more than 81.5%. The icing of transparent superhydrophobic surface at wind speed of 0 m / s and 3 m / s, respectively, is studied. The results show that at -5 掳C, the superhydrophobic surface has good self-cleaning and corrosion resistance. The superhydrophobic surface can prevent the icing under any wind speed. When the wind speed is 3 m / s and the temperature is -10 掳C, the superhydrophobic surface can significantly delay the icing on the surface. At a lower temperature of -15 掳C, the superhydrophobic surface has no obvious anti-icing effect compared with the ordinary surface.
【学位授予单位】：南昌航空大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB306

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