ZnO纳米材料的水热法合成及光催化性能研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 22:28

本文关键词： ZnO纳米材料金属衬底水热法低温制备异质结构光催化　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：20世纪以来,随着现代工业的迅速发展,环境水污染问题和能源紧缺问题已经成为严重威胁人类健康和阻碍社会发展的重要因素。半导体光催化剂作为一个有效解决水污染和能源问题的可行策略已经引起了全世界的关注和研究兴趣。因此,众多的半导体材料作为活性半导体光催化剂得到了迅速的发展。而纳米ZnO材料由于其具有无毒无害、成本廉价、易于合成以及高效的光催化活性等优点在半导体光催化领域受到了广泛的研究。本文通过室温或近室温条件下的水热反应在不同的金属衬底(Al、Cu、Zn)上制备出了负载型的纳米ZnO材料,并对其光催化性能进行了研究。具体的研究内容如下:首先,本文采用室温条件下的水热反应在金属Al衬底上制备出了ZnO纳米片结构材料,并运用SEM,XRD和PL等手段对其进行了相关的表征。ZnO纳米片生长机理的研究表明Al衬底在ZnO纳米片的生长过程中除了作为衬底使用外,对ZnO形貌的调控有重要的影响。光催化性能的研究表明,ZnO纳米片具有良好的光催化活性和光催化循环稳定性。然后,本文利用室温以及低温水热反应的方法在金属Cu片上成功制备出了ZnO/Cu_2O异质结构。ZnO/Cu_2O异质结构I-V特性的研究结果表现出了典型的半导体二极管整流特性。光催化性能的研究表明,ZnO/Cu_2O异质结构与Cu_2O八面体和ZnO纳米棒相比具有较高的光催化降解率。光催化机理的研究表明,ZnO/Cu_2O异质结构高效的光催化性能一方面是通过异质结构提高太阳光的利用率实现的。另一方面,ZnO/Cu_2O异质结构的形成有利于促进光生电子和空穴对的分离,进一步实现光催化效率的增强。最后,进一步通过金属Zn片和水在低温下的反应,成功在金属Zn衬底上制备出了ZnO纳米锥结构。对纳米锥结构光催化性能的研究表明其对甲基橙溶液和亚甲基蓝溶液都有较好的光催化活性。通过Zn片和水低温反应制备ZnO光催化剂过程简单且成本低廉,在节约能源和工业化治理水污染等方面有着巨大的应用前景。
[Abstract]:Since 20th century, with the rapid development of modern industry, Environmental water pollution and energy shortage have become a serious threat to human health and hinder the development of society. Semiconductor photocatalyst as a feasible strategy to effectively solve water pollution and energy problems has been introduced. Has aroused worldwide interest and interest in research. Many kinds of semiconductor materials have been developed rapidly as active semiconductor photocatalysts. However, nanocrystalline ZnO materials are cheap because of their innocuous and non-toxic properties. The advantages of easy synthesis and high photocatalytic activity have been widely studied in the field of semiconductor photocatalysis. In this paper, supported nanocrystalline ZnO materials were prepared on different metal substrates by hydrothermal reaction at room or near room temperature. The photocatalytic properties of ZnO nanostructures were studied as follows: firstly, ZnO nanostructures were prepared on Al substrates by hydrothermal reaction at room temperature. The growth mechanism of ZnO nanocrystals was characterized by means of ZnO XRD and PL. The results showed that Al substrates were used as substrates in the growth process of ZnO nanocrystals. The study on the photocatalytic properties of ZnO nanocrystals shows that they have good photocatalytic activity and photocatalytic cycle stability. In this paper, the I-V characteristics of ZnO/Cu_2O heterostructure. ZnO / Cu2O heterostructure on Cu wafer have been successfully prepared by hydrothermal reaction at room temperature and low temperature. The results show typical rectifying characteristics of semiconductor diodes. The photocatalytic degradation rate of ZnO / CuS heterostructure is higher than that of Cu_2O octahedron and ZnO nanorods. On the other hand, the formation of ZnO / Cu2O heterostructure is conducive to the separation of photogenerated electron and hole pairs. Finally, through the reaction of metal Zn sheet and water at low temperature, ZnO nanocones were successfully prepared on Zn substrates. The photocatalytic properties of the nanocones showed good photocatalytic activity for both methyl orange solution and methylene blue solution. The process of preparing ZnO photocatalyst should be simple and low cost. It has great application prospect in saving energy and controlling water pollution industrially.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB383.1;O643.36;O644.1

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