酚醛树脂的合成及其对PET增强复合材料界面性能的影响

发布时间：2018-03-04 04:27

  本文选题：酚醛树脂　切入点：酚/醛摩尔比　出处：《安徽工程大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：众所周知,涤纶织物(PET)作为橡胶复合材料的增强体材料,以其优异的耐热性、尺寸稳定性等特点被普遍应用于橡胶轮胎、传送带等领域。但因为PET本身化学活性不活泼,结构紧密、表面光泽手感良好、分子上缺乏带有极性的基团,致使其与橡胶之间不能形成很好的界面粘合效果,从而制约了涤纶拓展其应用市场。本课题的主要研究方向为改善PET增强复合材料布层间的粘合性能。本课题主要合成了四种不同间苯二酚／甲醛单体摩尔比(1：1.3、1：1.5、1：1.7、1：2)的甲阶酚醛树脂,通过“氨检”法验证酚醛树脂(RF)是否合成完全；然后在高温加热条件下由甲阶酚醛树脂制备出丙阶酚醛树脂,并通过红外分析、热重分析(TG)与差示扫描量热(DSC)等技术手段对各酚／醛单体摩尔比RF树脂的性能进行表征和分析。由结果得出酚／醛单体摩尔比是1：2的RF树脂在升温的初始阶段失重过快,耐高温性不好；酚／醛单体摩尔比1：1.3的酚醛树脂分解温度较低,分解较容易,无法满足在特定温度(325。C)下熔融。将合成的系列甲阶酚醛树脂与丁吡胶乳等混合配制成酚醛树脂浸渍液(RFL液),通过改变预烘温度、预烘时间、焙烘温度、焙烘时间等试验条件研究制备RFL胶膜最优工艺并完成胶膜制备,得出的胶膜成型的最优工艺为：预烘温度是120℃,预烘时间是40分钟,焙烘温度是170℃,焙烘时间是20分钟。然后通过测试胶膜的硬度、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、能谱分析等对其成分和柔性进行表征和分析。由结果得出酚／醛单体摩尔比为1：1.7时的酚醛树脂的拉伸强度最高,伸长率最小,不易变形,且其硬度也适中,其综合性能也是最优的。将配制好的RFL液对涤纶织物进行功能性整理并烘燥,然后与橡胶以两布三胶的形式复合,并通过加热加压硫化(硫化工艺为2.5MPa×150℃×25min),制备出PET增强复合材料。根据GB/T31334.1-2015的要求对PET增强复合材料进行高温和常温粘合强度的测试与分析,得出间苯二酚／甲醛单体摩尔比为1：1.7时,PET增强复合材料布层间的高温和常温粘合强度都为最高；由于温度上升,致使分子间的运动更加猛烈,分子间的相互作用力降低,使得一些化学键断裂,涤纶与橡胶间的粘合界面发生破坏,从而导致PET增强复合材料布层间的高温粘合强度较常温时有一定的下降。综上所述,应该选取酚／醛单体摩尔比为1：1.7的甲阶酚醛树脂与胶乳等混合配制成RFL浸胶液,对涤纶织物进行功能性整理,使其在满足一定强度要求的同时又具有一定的柔性、耐热性,从而在改善涤纶与橡胶的粘合性能的同时,又使涤纶增强复合材料具有一定的柔性,且能在特定温度下熔融。在之后应用到输送带产品时,也能够满足生产对其强度、柔性以及布层间粘合性能的要求。
[Abstract]:As is known to all, polyester fabric (PET) is widely used in rubber tires, conveyor belts and other fields due to its excellent heat resistance and dimensional stability as a reinforcing material of rubber composites, but PET itself is not active in chemical activity. The structure is tight, the surface gloss is good, the molecule lacks the group with polarity, so that it can't form a good bonding effect between the rubber and the interface. The main research direction of this paper is to improve the adhesion properties of PET reinforced composite laminates. Four kinds of cresyl phenolic resins with different molar ratios of resorcinol / formaldehyde monomers (1: 1. 3: 1. 5: 1: 1. 7: 1: 2) have been synthesized. The synthesis of phenolic resin was verified by "ammonia detection" method, and then the propyl phenolic resin was prepared from cresol formaldehyde resin under the condition of high temperature heating, and was analyzed by IR. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSCC) were used to characterize and analyze the properties of each phenolic / aldehyde monomer molar ratio RF resin. The results showed that the weight loss of RF resin with phenol / aldehyde monomer molar ratio of 1: 2 was too fast in the initial stage of heating. The decomposition temperature of phenolic resin with 1: 1.3 molar ratio of phenol to aldehydes is lower and it is easier to decompose. It is not satisfied to melt at a specific temperature (325.C). The synthetic series of cresol formaldehyde resin and butylpyridine latex are mixed to form a phenolic resin impregnation solution (RFL). By changing the pre-baking temperature, pre-baking time, baking temperature, etc., The optimum process of preparing RFL film was studied under the conditions of curing time and so on. The optimum process of film forming was obtained as follows: the pre-baking temperature was 120 鈩，

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