超疏水表面的制备及在油水分离的研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 23:12

本文选题：环保　切入点：超疏水　出处：《中北大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着全球人口的迅速增长,人们开始对淡水资源的供应需求是日益增加。淡水资源进一步受到水污染和管理不当的限制。有机溶剂污染物是水资源污染的主要来源。因此净化水资源的技术对于我们的生活已变得越来越重要。随着科学技术的进一步发展,在过去的几年来油水分离技术在水资源净化工程中引起了广泛的关注。由于传统油水分离技术的局限性已经不能满足现代工业的发展的要求。对于水资源净化技术迫切需要高效率、绿色材料来满足现代社会可持续发展的要求。本文主要通过在材料表面构造微纳米结构和化学改性的方法制备超疏水材料应用于油水分离。实现在油水分离材料的制备中,成本较低,环保材料,耗时周期时间较长,提高表面强度等问题。主要工作如下:1、通过一步法将不锈钢金属网直接浸泡在含有硬脂酸和盐酸的乙醇溶液中制备出具有超疏水-超亲油的不锈钢金属网材料,该方法制备工艺简单,使用成本较低,环保,这种技术在处理油污具有较好应用前景。在控制最佳的参数条件下,获得的样品对水的接触角达到160±1.0°,而对油的接触角为0°。超疏水样品表面是比较稳定的通过机械超声震荡,暴露在空气中和浸泡在3.5 wt%NaCl水溶液中发现接触角没有明显的降低,仍然具有较好的超疏水性能。2、通过在不锈钢金属网表面电沉积一层铜薄膜和用聚二甲基硅氧烷化学改性降低样品的表面能,电沉积工艺和绿色的化学改性过程提高超疏水表面机械耐久性。制备出具有超疏水-超亲油金属网分别浸泡不同PH值中和不同目数砂纸摩擦实验,结果表明不锈钢金属网涂层仍然保持良好的超疏水性能。因此,这项研究对处理溢油事故提出的新策略,可能会在石化行业具有潜在的应用价值。3、通过一步法工艺技术浸泡在含有硬脂酸铜和聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)混合溶液中干燥后,制备出具有耐磨损超疏水-超亲油纤维布材料。由于制备的纤维布具有超疏水-超亲油的特性,溢油能够迅速渗入而水被完全排斥,纯净溢油能迅速从油/水的混合物中分离出来。超疏水-超亲油纤维布涂层具有良好抗磨损和强度,经过用80目的碳化硅砂纸摩擦100次后仍然保持超疏水性能。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of the global population, The demand for fresh water resources is increasing day by day. Fresh water resources are further restricted by water pollution and mismanagement. Organic solvent pollutants are the main source of water resources pollution. For our life has become more and more important. With the further development of science and technology, In the past few years, oil-water separation technology has attracted wide attention in water resources purification engineering. Because of the limitation of traditional oil-water separation technology, it can not meet the requirements of the development of modern industry. There is an urgent need for high efficiency. In this paper, superhydrophobic materials are prepared on the surface of materials by means of micro-nanostructures and chemical modification, which can be used in the preparation of oil-water separation materials. Low cost, environmentally friendly materials, longer cycle time, The main work is as follows: 1. Direct immersion of stainless steel wire mesh in ethanol solution containing stearic acid and hydrochloric acid through one step method to prepare stainless steel wire mesh material with super hydrophobic and super hydrophilic acid. This method has the advantages of simple preparation process, low cost and environmental protection. It has a good application prospect in oil pollution treatment. The contact angle of the obtained sample to water is 160 卤1.0 掳, and the contact angle to oil is 0 掳. The surface of superhydrophobic sample is relatively stable through mechanical and ultrasonic oscillations. It is found that the contact angle does not decrease obviously when exposed to air and immersed in 3.5 wt%NaCl aqueous solution. The surface energy of the sample was reduced by electrodeposition of a layer of copper film on the surface of stainless steel metal mesh and chemical modification of polydimethylsiloxane. The mechanical durability of superhydrophobic surface was improved by electrodeposition process and green chemical modification process. Friction experiments of sand paper with super-hydrophobic and super-oil-lipophilic metal mesh soaked in different PH values and different mesh numbers were carried out. The results show that the stainless steel metal mesh coating still has good superhydrophobicity. Therefore, this study proposes a new strategy to deal with oil spill accidents. May have potential application value. 3 in petrochemical industry. Dry in a mixed solution containing copper stearate and polydimethylsiloxane PDMS by one step process. A wear-resistant super-hydrophobic super-oil-lipophilic fiber cloth material has been prepared. Because the prepared fabric has the characteristics of super-hydrophobic and super-oil-lipophilic properties, oil spills can infiltrate rapidly and water is completely repelled. The pure oil spills can be quickly separated from the oil / water mixture. The super-hydrophobic and super-oil-lipophilic fiber cloth coating has good wear resistance and strength, and remains super hydrophobic after 100 times friction with 80 purpose silicon carbide sandpaper.
【学位授予单位】：中北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB34

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