自清洁铝基金属表面的持久性和抗腐蚀性能的研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 06:25

本文选题：超疏水　切入点：氧化铝　出处：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自然界中超疏水的例子有很多，比如水黾的肢体，蝴蝶的翅膀及荷叶等等。受此启发，人们开始致力于研究人工超疏水表面。超疏水材料作为一种新型的功能材料，其应用范围非常广泛。例如在自清洁玻璃、防水防冻材料和耐腐蚀涂层的制备，能源运输，微流体以及汽车制造等领域均可以发挥其使用价值。尽管如此，耐用性差、表面脆弱、制作工艺复杂等因素仍然限制了超疏水材料的工业化生产。鉴于此，本文致力于开发一种工艺简洁、成本低廉的制备超疏水材料的方法，并着重对其实际应用性能进行研究。我们首先在低电场下利用硫酸盐溶液对纯铝板进行长时间处理，在基体上产生微米级的台阶，然后利用阳极氧化在台阶表面生成有序排列的纳米孔，最后利用表面改性剂进行氟化修饰，从而制成以超疏水氧化铝薄膜材料，其接触角最大可以达到170.9°。经过后续的研究以及实验验证，发现铝基超疏水材料具有很多优异的性能：(1)水滴可以很轻易的带走覆盖在其表面的细沙和石墨粉，从而起到自清洁效果；(2)试样表面在经过20min的玻璃丸冲击，长度为400cm的粗糙丙纶布摩擦之后，依然能表现出良好的超疏水特性，由于基体表面的氧化铝的硬度高，耐磨性好，因此大大提高了自身的机械稳定性；(3)在三电极体系测试中，由于超疏水表面有一层气垫的保护，因此在实验过程中表现出的自腐蚀电流非常小，只有2.36×10-8A，证明其耐蚀性能优良；(4)我们通过在铝基超疏水表面施加不同的压力，发现液滴在上面的润湿状态并没有从Cassie状态转变为Wenzel状态，展现出了一定的抗压性能；(5)在低温滴水以及低温结冰的测试中发现，超疏水表面并无冰层覆盖，这与普通的铝板表面结了一层厚厚的冰形成了鲜明的对比，而且融化的雪花以及冰块会自动的在超疏水表面凝聚成水滴而滚落，，无任何残留。最后我们以铝基超疏水材料为基体通过简单的润滑液注入法制备出了氟化液注入型疏水表面，这种表面对很多种液体都表现出了极差的润湿性（多疏性能），比如植物油、酒精等等，均不能润湿其表面。更值得一提的是，这种疏水表面具有自修复性，在表面结构受到一定程度破坏的情况下，依然能够通过毛细作用达到自我修复的效果，从而重新获得多疏性能。
[Abstract]:There are many examples of superhydrophobicity in nature, such as water strider limbs, butterfly wings and lotus leaves. Inspired by this, people began to study artificial superhydrophobic surfaces. Superhydrophobic materials are a new functional material. It has a wide range of applications, such as self-cleaning glass, the preparation of waterproof and antifreeze materials and corrosion resistant coatings, energy transportation, micro-fluid and automobile manufacturing. However, the industrial production of superhydrophobic materials is still restricted by such factors as poor durability, weak surface and complex manufacturing process. In view of this, this paper is devoted to developing a simple and low-cost method for preparing superhydrophobic materials. At first, we use sulfate solution to treat pure aluminum plate for a long time under low electric field, and produce a step of micron level on the matrix. Then anodic oxidation was used to form ordered nano-pores on the step surface. Finally, the surface modifier was used for fluorination modification to prepare superhydrophobic alumina thin film material. The contact angle of the film was up to 170.9 掳. After subsequent research and experimental verification, it has been found that aluminum based superhydrophobic materials have many excellent properties: 1) Water droplets can easily take away the fine sand and graphite powder covered on its surface. Thus, the surface of the sample can still exhibit good super hydrophobic properties after 20 min of glass shot impact and 400 cm of rough polypropylene cloth friction. Because of the high hardness and wear resistance of alumina on the surface of the substrate, Therefore, the mechanical stability is greatly improved. In the three-electrode system test, due to the protection of air cushion on the superhydrophobic surface, the self-corrosion current is very small during the experiment. Only 2.36 脳 10 ~ (-8) A, which proves its excellent corrosion resistance.) by applying different pressure on the superhydrophobic surface of aluminum, we found that the wetting state of droplets on the surface did not change from Cassie state to Wenzel state. In the tests of drip water at low temperature and freezing at low temperature, it was found that the superhydrophobic surface was not covered with ice, which was in sharp contrast to a thick layer of ice formed on the surface of ordinary aluminum sheet. And melting snowflakes and ice cubes automatically form droplets of water on superhydrophobic surfaces, leaving no residue. Finally, we have prepared the hydrophobic surface of fluorinated liquid injection by simple lubricating liquid injection with aluminum based superhydrophobic material as the substrate. This kind of surface shows extremely poor wettability for many kinds of liquids (many hydrophobic properties, such as vegetable oil, etc.). Alcohol, and so on, can't moisturize its surface. What's more, this hydrophobic surface is self-repairable, and even if the surface structure is damaged to a certain extent, it can still be self-healing through capillary action. In order to regain the multi-sparse performance.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ133.1;TB306

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