三维机织玄武岩纤维复合材料的制备及力学性能研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 03:32

本文选题：玄武岩纤维　切入点：普通织机　出处：《大连工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：三维纺织复合材料的增强体是三维整体纺织预制件,具有比强度高,比刚度高,可设计性强,抗疲劳性好等优点,是一种先进的结构复合材料,其广泛应用于航空航天,船舶,汽车,建筑等领域。三维机织复合材料是三维纺织结构复合材料的一种,具有良好的尺寸稳定性,并可形成较高的纱线堆积密度,厚度方向交织的纤维束,增强了复合材料厚度方向的力学性能,可有效解决传统层合板复合材料层间强度低,使用过程中易出现分层现象的缺陷。现在三维机织复合材料因其结构和工艺上的优势,得到越来越多的应用和关注,其制造加工技术和性能研究引起纺织界和复合材料界人士的高度重视。玄武岩纤维是一种高性能纤维,绿色环保,且其拉伸强度高,温度使用范围广,且耐酸碱性好和抗紫外线性能强,吸水性能低,在诸多方面拥有自己独特的性能,被称为21世纪高技术纤维,在一些应用领域完全可以代替碳纤维,芳纶纤维等作为复合材料的增强体,因此三维机织玄武岩纤维复合材料必将受到人们广泛关注。本课题以玄武岩长丝为经、纬纱,经合理设计,在普通小样织机上织造了正交结构,分层角联锁结构和贯穿角联锁结构的三种三维机织物,并以此为复合材料的增强体,以乙烯基酯树脂为基体,采用VARTM成型工艺制备了三种不同结构的三维机织玄武岩纤维复合材料。通过万能实验机主要对材料的拉伸、弯曲、冲击性能做了测试,结果表明本课题制备的三种结构的三维机织玄武岩纤维复合材料力学性能好,且三维机织物增强体结构对复合材料的力学性能有很大的影响,对此本论文做了对比性分析,并做了详细的论述。本课题还采用实验与理论模拟相结合的方法,通过建立合理的有限元模型,用ANSYS软件模拟了三维机织玄武岩纤维复合材料的拉伸、弯曲实验过程,并对比了有限元模拟结果和实验测试结果,发现两者有很好的一致性,说明所建模型是合理的,可以用来在不破坏材料的前提下预测材料的力学性能,并对结构进行优化设计。此外,有限元模拟的方法不仅可以呈现材料表面的破坏情况,而且还可以呈现材料内部的受力情况等,有限元模拟使对复合材料力学性能研究更深入。
[Abstract]:The reinforcements of 3D textile composites are three dimensional integral textile preforms, which have the advantages of high specific strength, high specific stiffness, high designability, good fatigue resistance and so on. It is an advanced structural composite material, which is widely used in aerospace, ship, and so on. Three dimensional woven composites are one of the three dimensional textile structure composites. They have good dimensional stability and can form fiber bundles with higher yarn packing density and interwoven thickness direction. The mechanical properties in the direction of the thickness of the composites are strengthened, which can effectively solve the defects of low interlaminar strength and easy delamination in the use of traditional laminated laminates. More and more applications and attention have been paid to its manufacturing and processing technology and properties. The basalt fiber is a kind of high performance fiber, which is green and environmentally friendly, and its tensile strength is high. The temperature has a wide range of applications, and it has good acid and alkali resistance, strong UV resistance, low water absorption, and has its own unique properties in many aspects. It is called the high-tech fiber in the 21st century. It can replace carbon fiber in some application fields. Aramid fibers are used as reinforcements of composites, so 3D woven basalt fiber composites will be paid more and more attention. Three kinds of three dimensional woven fabrics with orthogonal structure, layered angle interlocking structure and penetrating angle interlocking structure were made on the ordinary sample loom, which were used as reinforcements of composite materials and vinyl ester resin as matrix. Three kinds of three dimensional woven basalt fiber composites with different structures were prepared by VARTM molding process. The tensile, bending and impact properties of the materials were tested by a universal experimental machine. The results show that the three dimensional woven basalt fiber composites prepared in this paper have good mechanical properties, and the three dimensional woven fabric reinforcements have great influence on the mechanical properties of the composites. This paper also uses the method of combining experiment with theoretical simulation, establishes a reasonable finite element model, and simulates the tensile and bending process of 3D woven basalt fiber composites by ANSYS software. The finite element simulation results are compared with the experimental results. The results show that the model is reasonable and can be used to predict the mechanical properties of the material without destroying the material. In addition, the finite element simulation method can not only show the failure of the material surface, but also the internal force of the material. The finite element simulation makes the research on the mechanical properties of the composite more in-depth.
【学位授予单位】：大连工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB33

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