淀粉基生物质发泡复合材料的制备及性能研究
发布时间:2018-04-04 20:07
本文选题:淀粉 切入点:密度 出处:《湖南工业大学》2016年硕士论文
【摘要】:不可降解的泡沫塑料给我们的生活、生产带来方便的同时也给环境造成了污染,它所带来的危害日益增大,为解决这一问题本文研究用挤出发泡的方式制备了淀粉基生物质发泡复合材料,它是一种可完全生物降解的泡沫材料,但具有耐水性差、密度较高、回弹率低、泡孔数量少及分布不均匀等问题。针对上述问题本次课题重点研究了此材料的助剂作用机理、挤出发泡模拟、相关影响因素对其性能(发泡性能、力学性能、熔体黏度、降解性能)及微观结构的影响。结果表明:(1)建立的挤出发泡模拟模型能有效预测泡沫发泡速率和密度。(2)木薯淀粉、甘油/NaOH复合增塑剂、NaHCO_3发泡剂、PVA、木粉纤维的添加量分别在55phr、20phr、2phr、20phr、6phr时,材料密度最小,回弹率最大。(3)复合增塑剂添加量在20phr时,材料的拉伸强度达到最大为11.2MPa;硼砂添加量在2phr时,断裂伸长率达到最大为85%;硬脂酸(HSt)/聚乙烯蜡(PEW)内外复合润滑剂对材料力学性能的影响有明显的提升;成核剂、偶联剂提高了材料拉伸强度、弯曲强度及冲击强度,提高效果明显排序:活性碳酸钙(29)轻质碳酸钙(29)重质碳酸钙,铝钛复合偶联剂(29)铝酸酯偶联剂(29)硅烷偶联剂。(4)相关因素对材料熔体黏度的影响趋势及强弱。影响排序如下:淀粉添加量剪切速率NaHCO_3添加量温度甘油/NaOH复合增塑剂添加量。(5)浓度为4%的NaOH溶液处理后的木粉纤维热塑加工性较好;木粉目数在80目,NaHCO_3发泡剂添加量在2phr,熔体黏度在1600Pa·s时,材料泡孔数量较多且大小细密分布均匀。(6)复合增塑剂添加量在20phr,木粉纤维添加量在6phr时,材料的降解性能较好,失重率在40%左右。
[Abstract]:Non-degradable foamed plastics bring convenience to our daily life, but also pollute the environment. The harm it brings is increasing day by day.In order to solve this problem, starch based biomass foaming composites were prepared by extrusion foaming. It is a completely biodegradable foam material, but it has poor water resistance, high density and low resilience.The number of bubble holes is small and the distribution is uneven.In order to solve the above problems, the mechanism of auxiliaries, the simulation of extrusion foaming and the influence of related factors on the properties (foaming property, mechanical property, melt viscosity, degradation property) and microstructure of the material were studied.缁撴灉琛ㄦ槑:(1)寤虹珛鐨勬尋鍑哄彂娉℃ā鎷熸ā鍨嬭兘鏈夋晥棰勬祴娉℃搏鍙戞场閫熺巼鍜屽瘑搴,
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