原位乳聚法制备白炭黑—丁苯橡胶复合材料研究

发布时间：2018-04-08 12:35

本文选题：乳液聚合　切入点：丁苯橡胶　出处：《大连理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：乳聚丁苯橡胶(ESBR)是目前合成橡胶应用最广泛的一种,主要用于生产轮胎、胶管、汽车零部件等工业橡胶制品。由于乳聚丁苯是一种非结晶聚合物,分子之间的作用力小,在使用时需要添加一定量的补强剂,传统补强剂如炭黑、白炭黑。炭黑在补强的同时也提高了轮胎的滚动阻力,增加能耗,白炭黑作为新型补强剂,不仅能够降低轮胎的滚动阻力、提高轮胎湿地抓地能力,还使橡胶具有抗割划和抗撕裂性能,同时减少橡胶蹦花掉块现象。在国际环保组织和法规的要求下,人们希望采用白炭黑替代炭黑来降低滚动阻力,降低能耗。现在工业生产中一般采用机械共混法将白炭黑分散在橡胶中,但是白炭黑在橡胶中分散不均,极易自聚,同时生产过程中极易产生白炭黑粉尘污染,危害人们健康。本文采用原位乳聚技术制备白炭黑-丁苯橡胶复合材料,研究表明白炭黑在橡胶中分散均匀,同时在后期混炼加工的过程中不会出现白炭黑粉尘飞扬现象。在制备橡胶之前,首先对白炭黑进行表面改性处理,本文采用阳离子表面活性剂1831对白炭黑进行改性,然后采用DBP吸收值,红外分析、热失重分析、透射电镜分析等方法对改性白炭黑进行表征,结果表明1831能够改善白炭黑表面极性,使其亲油性提高。随后将改性白炭黑与单体一起加入反应釜制备白炭黑-丁苯橡胶复合材料,其中包括白炭黑乳化分散实验、转化率稳定性及控制实验、原位乳聚法白炭黑-丁苯橡胶与传统乳聚丁苯橡胶工艺对比等实验。制备一定转化率的丁苯橡胶,并对产物橡胶进行微观定量分析、橡胶分子量分析,对比白炭黑通过原位乳聚法与机械共混法合成白炭黑-橡胶复合材料分散性,同时对这两种方法合成的混胶进行动态力学性能分析。实验说明减小白炭黑的聚集度能够实现白炭黑乳化分散,同时添加不同份数的白炭黑对橡胶的微观结构、玻璃化转变温度(Tg)没有显著影响,并且原位乳聚法制备的白炭黑-丁苯橡胶复合材料的白炭黑分散度高。
[Abstract]:Emulsion styrene butadiene rubber (ESBR) is one of the most widely used synthetic rubber at present. It is mainly used to produce industrial rubber products such as tires, rubber tubes, automobile parts and so on.Carbon black not only increases the rolling resistance and energy consumption of tires, but also reduces the rolling resistance of tires and improves the ability of wet ground grabbing, and also makes rubber have the properties of resisting cutting and tearing, as a new reinforcing agent, the carbon black can not only reduce the rolling resistance of tires, but also improve the ability of ground grabbing of tires.At the same time, reduce the rubber bouncing spend block phenomenon.Under the requirements of international environmental protection organizations and regulations, people hope to use silica instead of carbon black to reduce rolling resistance and reduce energy consumption.Now in the industrial production, the silica is dispersed in rubber by mechanical blending method, but it is easy to self-agglomerate because of the uneven dispersion of silica in rubber. At the same time, it is easy to produce silica dust pollution in the process of production, which is harmful to people's health.In this paper, silica / styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) composites were prepared by in-situ emulsion polymerization. The results showed that silica was dispersed uniformly in rubber, and silica dust would not fly in the later processing process.Before the preparation of rubber, silica was first treated by surface modification. In this paper, cationic surfactant 1831 was used to modify silica, and then DBP absorption value, infrared analysis and thermogravimetric analysis were used.The modified silica was characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The results show that 1831 can improve the surface polarity of silica and improve its lipophilicity.Then the modified silica and the monomer were added to the reactor to prepare the silica / styrene butadiene rubber composite, which included the emulsification and dispersion experiment of silica, the conversion stability and the control experiment.In-situ emulsion polymerization of silica-styrene-butadiene rubber and traditional emulsion-styrene-butadiene rubber technology comparison and so on.Styrene butadiene rubber with a certain conversion rate was prepared. The microcosmic quantitative analysis and molecular weight analysis of rubber were carried out. The dispersion of silica / rubber composite was compared by in-situ emulsion polymerization and mechanical blending method.At the same time, the dynamic mechanical properties of the blends synthesized by the two methods were analyzed.The experimental results show that the emulsification and dispersion of silica can be achieved by reducing the aggregation degree of silica, and the addition of different fraction of silica has no significant effect on the microstructure and glass transition temperature (TG) of rubber.And the silica-SBR composite prepared by in situ emulsion polymerization has high silica dispersion.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB332

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