可瓷化硅橡胶复合材料的研究

发布时间：2018-04-08 15:26

  本文选题：可瓷化硅橡胶复合材料　切入点：氧化铝　出处：《南昌大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：可瓷化硅橡胶复合材料在常温下和普通高分子材料性能一样,但在高温环境下可以陶瓷化,形成的陶瓷结构能够自支撑甚至可抵御一定的外力侵蚀,是阻燃防火及高温防护领域的重大突破,其加工工艺与普通的高分子材料一致,甚至使用的设备都可以通用,有很好的工业化应用前景,因此发展非常迅速。本文研究了一种综合性能良好的可瓷化硅橡胶复合材料配方,以结构控制剂A、结构控制剂B、结构控制剂C、过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)、碳酸锂、氧化铝、白炭黑、硅灰石和羟基硅油为配方组成成瓷物质,得到了一种力学性能、瓷化性能优异的绝缘材料,可用于阻燃耐火电缆等领域,保证火灾时电线电缆仍保持绝缘性和不发生短路事故。通过单因素实验和正交实验考察了配方中各物质用量对材料瓷化性能和力学性能的影响。实验得到最优配方组成为:氧化铝用量8份,硅灰石15份,结构控制剂A 13份,结构控制剂B 7份,结构控制剂C 11份,碳酸锂4份,BPO 2份,羟基硅油4份,并考察了配方中各物质对材料拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和600℃烧蚀残留物的抗压强度的影响,对拉伸强度影响作用由大到小的顺序是:氧化铝BPO硅灰石结构控制剂B碳酸锂结构控制剂C结构控制剂A;对断裂伸长率影响作用由大到小的顺序是:BPO结构控制剂A氧化铝结构控制剂B结构控制剂C硅灰石碳酸锂;对600℃烧蚀残留物的抗压强度影响作用由大到小的顺序是:结构控制剂C硅灰石氧化铝结构控制剂A结构控制剂B碳酸锂BPO。最优配方制备的材料拉伸强度可达5.473MPa,断裂伸长率可达305.667%,600℃和800℃烧蚀残留物的抗压强度分别为4.663MPa和10.003MPa,邵尔A硬度达51.333度。通过SEM、XRD及热重分析,发现材料瓷化机理因温度不同而有所差异,600℃时是通过瓷化填料部分熔融产生的液相在颗粒间的黏连作用实现瓷化,在800℃下的成瓷性能则是在瓷化填料熔融液相的粘结作用同时,还会有共晶反应,粒子之间形成键合,出现新的晶态,结构更为致密。论文研究出的硅橡胶复合材料成瓷温度范围宽,瓷化温度低(600℃),其烧蚀残留物的体积电阻率在1013Ω·cm以上,满足作为瓷化绝缘材料的要求。
[Abstract]:Ceramic silicone rubber composites have the same properties as ordinary polymer materials at room temperature, but can be ceramic formed in high temperature environment. The ceramic structure can support itself or even resist a certain external force erosion.It is a great breakthrough in the field of flame retardancy, fire resistance and high temperature protection, and its processing technology is consistent with ordinary polymer materials, and even the equipment used can be used in a universal way, so it has a good prospect of industrial application, so it is developing very rapidly.In this paper, a kind of ceramic silicone rubber composite with good comprehensive properties is studied. The structure control agent A, the structure control agent B, the structure control agent C, the benzoyl peroxide BPO, the lithium carbonate, the alumina, the white carbon black, the structure control agent, the structure control agent, the structure control agent, the structure control agent C, the lithium carbonate, the alumina, the silica,Wollastonite and hydroxyl silicone oil are made up of ceramic materials, and a kind of insulating material with excellent mechanical properties and porcelain properties is obtained, which can be used in flame retardant and refractory cables and other fields to ensure the insulation of wires and cables during fire and avoid short circuit accidents.The effects of the amount of materials in the formula on the ceramic properties and mechanical properties of the materials were investigated by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment.The optimum composition was obtained as follows: 8 phr of alumina, 15 phr of wollastonite, 13 phr of structural control agent A, 7 phr of structural control agent B, 11 phr of structural control agent C, 4 phr of lithium carbonate BPO 2 phr, 4 phr of hydroxy silicone oil.The effects of various substances in the formula on the tensile strength, elongation at break and compressive strength of the ablative residue at 600 鈩，

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