纳米超疏水功能材料的制备及其初步应用

发布时间：2018-04-14 17:06

本文选题：聚碳酸酯 + 纳米二氧化钛　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：超疏水材料在交通运输、建筑物外表自清洁、流体运输、环境以及医疗等领域具有广泛的应用。但是,大部分超疏水材料表面易于粘附有机污染物(如染料等),并难以脱附以实现自清洁。本论文发展了两种超疏水材料的制备方法,一方面,将纳米二氧化钛(TiO_2)光催化材料掺杂于聚碳酸酯(PC)基体,构建了一种能在可见光下催化降解难以脱附的有机染料的超疏水涂层;另一方面,以二甲基二甲氧基硅烷(Me_2Si(OMe)_2)改性纳米二氧化硅(SiO_2),制得一种超疏水纳米复合材料,并成功用于含油废水中油水分离。(1)发展了一种具有可见光下光催化效应的超疏水涂层的制备方法及其初步应用于有机污染物的催化降解(第二章)。利用多巴胺(DA)还原银离子(Ag)并沉积于TiO_2表面,制得纳米二氧化钛复合颗粒(DA-TiO_2(Ag)),用以掺杂于PC基体中,进而借助相分离途径以及简单的“浸渍和干燥”步骤,制得DA-TiO_2(Ag)@PC纳米复合膜,再经采用二甲苯(DMB)刻蚀(Etching)处理后,制备出E-DA-TiO_2(Ag)@PC超疏水涂层。同时,预先引入粘合剂改善超疏水涂层在材料基底表面的粘附稳固性。研究表明,一方面,DA的使用不仅实现了Ag在纳米TiO_2表面的牢固沉积,而且显著增强了纳米TiO_2对可见光的吸收利用率;另一方面,通过在纳米TiO_2表面沉积Ag形成的DA-TiO_2(Ag),具有极高的光催化降解效率,由此制得的超疏水涂层具有强大的光催化降解有机污染物的功能,可有效地实现表面的自清洁。此外,涂层中银离子尚赋予该涂层一定的抗菌性能,可望广泛应用于医疗与卫生器械的表面抗菌与自清洁处理。(2)提出了一种基于硅烷改性的纳米二氧化硅的超疏水复合材料的制备途径,并初步应用于含油废水中油水分离(第三章)。以异丙醇为溶剂,利用纳米Me_2Si(OMe)_2与SiO_2的偶联作用改变其亲水性质,以获得超疏水特性,进而采用溶胶-凝胶法,并引入一定量的环氧树脂作为粘合剂,制备出SiO_2/Me_2Si(OMe)_2超疏水复合材料(棒或饼状物);在低温、高温、强酸碱、高盐度等苛刻条件下,考察了该材料涂覆在不同材料基体表面的超疏水性能及其使用寿命。结果表明,该超疏水复合材料可适用于恶劣环境下各种材质表面的超疏水涂覆处理。同时,采用该材料处理含油废水,成功地实现了其油水分离。
[Abstract]:Superhydrophobic materials are widely used in transportation, building surface cleaning, fluid transportation, environment and medical treatment.However, the surface of most superhydrophobic materials is easy to adhere to organic pollutants (such as dyes, etc.), and it is difficult to desorption to realize self-cleaning.In this paper, two preparation methods of superhydrophobic materials have been developed. On the one hand, nano-TiO _ 2 / TiO-2) photocatalytic materials were doped into polycarbonate (PC-PC) matrix.A superhydrophobic coating which can catalyze the degradation of organic dyes which is difficult to be desorbed under visible light was constructed. On the other hand, a superhydrophobic nanocomposite was prepared by modifying SiO2O _ 2 with dimethyl dimethoxysilane (M _ 2Si _ 2Si _ 2O _ 2).The preparation method of superhydrophobic coating with visible light catalysis effect and its preliminary application in the catalytic degradation of organic pollutants were developed.TiO_2 nanocomposite films were prepared by using dopamine (DA) to deoxidize silver ions and deposited on the surface of TiO_2. The nano-TiO _ 2 composite particles were prepared, which were doped into PC substrates. Furthermore, DA-TiO_2(Ag)@PC nanocomposite films were prepared by phase separation and simple "impregnation and drying" steps.The E-DA-TiO_2(Ag)@PC superhydrophobic coating was prepared by etch treatment with xylene DMB.At the same time, the adhesion stability of the superhydrophobic coating on the substrate surface was improved by introducing the adhesive agent in advance.The results show that, on the one hand, the use of DA not only realizes the solid deposition of Ag on the surface of TiO_2, but also enhances the absorption efficiency of visible light of nano-, on the other hand,DA-TiO2Ag-Ag deposited on the surface of nanometer TiO_2 has a high photocatalytic degradation efficiency. The superhydrophobic coating has a powerful function of photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and can effectively realize self-cleaning of the surface.In addition, the silver ion in the coating gives the coating some antibacterial properties.It is expected that it will be widely used in the surface antibacterial and self-cleaning treatment of medical and sanitary devices. A new method for preparing superhydrophobic composites based on silane modified nano-silica has been proposed.It is applied to the separation of oil and water in oily wastewater (Chapter 3).Using isopropanol as solvent, the hydrophilic properties of Me_2Si(OMe)_2 nanoparticles were changed by coupling with SiO_2 to obtain superhydrophobic properties, and then a certain amount of epoxy resin was introduced as binder by sol-gel method.The superhydrophobic properties and service life of SiO_2/Me_2Si(OMe)_2 superhydrophobic composites (bar or cake) were investigated under harsh conditions such as low temperature, high temperature, strong acid and alkali, high salinity and so on.The results show that the superhydrophobic composite can be applied to superhydrophobic coating of various materials in harsh environment.At the same time, the oil-water separation was successfully realized by using this material to treat the oily wastewater.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB34

【参考文献】